How to make a house floor from aerated concrete. Floors on wooden beams in an aerated concrete house: types of timber, calculation and installation

27.10.2023

Overlap – horizontal design, which is not only a dividing barrier between floors, the residential level and the basement or roof, but also performs transmission and distribution function the load taken on load-bearing walls and other elements also ensures the rigidity of the house.

And in the event that we are talking about roof, basement or basement floors, then they must be arranged in such a way as to guarantee heat retention.

Construction of a monolithic reinforcing belt

For buildings made of aerated concrete reinforcing belt device is mandatory. Besides what it does distribution function of the created load from the floors themselves, the walls of the upper floor, and the so-called payload: people, interior items, equipment, etc., armored belt compensates for the main disadvantage of aerated concrete, associated with its inability to work in bending.
And despite the fact that aerated concrete withstands compression well, the absence of a reinforcing belt will lead to an uneven load on the load-bearing walls. As a result, cracks appear on the walls, and some blocks may even burst. For the device of a reinforcing or strapping contour heavy types of concrete are used and fittings corresponding class A III.

One of the ways to construct a reinforcing belt may be as follows:

First, concrete blocks are installed along the outer edge or you can use sand-lime brick for this;
reinforcement is laid between them and the edge of the ceiling, which must be bandaged (cell size, on average, 10 × 10 cm);
corners, external and internal, are reinforced with steel brackets;
after that - the reinforcing belt is filled with concrete

Main types of floors for houses made of aerated concrete

When building houses from aerated concrete, you can use both monolithic and prefabricated floors. Overlappings can be arranged on wooden and metal beams, using hollow slabs made of heavy concrete or cellular concrete, prefabricated monolithic structures or manufactured directly on site in the form of a monolithic slab.
Each type of overlap has its undeniable advantages and, accordingly, disadvantages, but given the popularity of using aerated concrete in private housing construction, the following three selection criteria come to the fore:

The need to use special equipment;
Cost of materials and installation;
Construction speed.

Selection of floors by strength characteristics and maximum loads, in most cases is not relevant, since all these types provide it at a level sufficient for this category of construction projects; on average, the calculated data are within from 500 to 800 kg load per 1 m² area.

But when choosing materials, materials are preferred having less weight, while maintaining strength characteristics, and a sufficient service life comparable to aerated concrete, and resistance to various external influences: natural or chemical in nature.

Floors made of aerated concrete slabs

The use of a material similar in properties and characteristics for floors for houses made of aerated concrete is justified, especially considering that The thermal conductivity of the material is the same. Moreover, having settled on this material, you can choose for the flooring of the house:

prefabricated monolithic structures, which are reinforced during the installation process by installing reinforced concrete connections;
monolithic slabs;
reinforced aerated concrete slabs for floors.

Many manufacturers of aerated concrete blocks offer the production of floor slabs according to individual sizes, but on average it length is up to 6 m, width– up to 1.5 -1.8 m, and thickness- only 30 cm, and the estimated load per 1 m² is about 600 kg. Aerated concrete slabs for floors are produced only by autoclave, and their density corresponds to D500.

Often monolithic slabs equipped with tongue-and-groove connections, which ensures their tight fit to each other, and installation is carried out in as soon as possible– in one work shift, a team of 2-4 people can cover an area of 50 to 120 m². The most crucial moment when installing floors using this method is coordinating the production time of slabs, their transportation to the site and the crane rental time required for this.

For floors using prefabricated monolithic T-shaped blocks special lightweight reinforced concrete beams are used, the length of which is about 7 m and the height is only 20 cm. The weight of such a structure is approximately 120 kg, which allows its installation to be carried out manually.

Beam installation step is 68 cm, which, with a block length of 60 cm, provides it with support on a beam equal to 2 cm on each side. When installing the first row, one side of the floor block is also should be at least 2 cm lean on the load-bearing wall of the building.

The resulting connections between blocks, in the form of grooves must be filled with concrete, its class must correspond to B20, and after all the floor blocks have been laid, reinforcement mesh is knitted and a 5 cm layer of concrete is laid. Complete setting of the concrete occurs after 4 weeks, but partial loading of the structure is allowed after 6-7 days.

Floors made of reinforced concrete slabs

Traditional hollow slabs made of heavy concrete are quite can also be used for houses built from aerated concrete. Their use is most justified if the spans formed are 4.5-6 meters. But before you start installation, also it is necessary to install a durable monolithic armored belt, which will distribute its rather large weight onto the load-bearing walls.

In terms of cost it is one of the most economical device options ceilings of the building, even taking into account the fact that it is necessary to use special equipment, namely a crane, to install them. In addition, delivery of slabs to the construction site is often accompanied by certain difficulties, taking into account the weight and especially the length of the products. The overlap of this type of slab allows loads of 800 and even a little more per 1 m².

Wooden and metal beams

On wooden beams in aerated concrete houses it is possible to arrange not only interfloor ceilings, but also basement, attic or attic. But it is not recommended to use this type in case if the distance between load-bearing walls exceeds 6 m, in this case, a deflection occurs that exceeds 1/300 of the length of the log or timber used as beams. The cross-sectional size of a beam is determined primarily by its type, planned loads and span length.

But it is important to follow the following rule: the distance between the axes of adjacent beams should be within the range of half a meter to a meter.

Supporting the beam on a pre-prepared reinforced belt made of monolithic reinforced concrete should be 12-15 cm. To secure them, special anchor plates with anti-corrosion coating are used.

But, having given preference to wooden beams, you should remember that they must be treated with antipyrite compounds, as well as agents aimed against the proliferation of insects and various microorganisms. The only thing you should avoid is oil-based products, as they prevent moisture evaporation, and given the moisture absorption of the main building material of the building, its strength and performance characteristics will deteriorate.

It is also important to take care of sufficient thermal insulation of such a floor– this will prevent the formation of a dew point right in the beam itself. It is necessary to pay attention to the connection between the wall and the beam, the so-called interface unit.

To prevent moisture condensation in this area, all gaps must be insulated, for example, sealants or polyethylene foam bundles. You should not allow complete contact along the entire length of the beam with the wall, in this place a 5cm gap is required, which is sealed with insulation, most often mineral wool.

Beams whose length exceeds 4-4.5 m can, due to their deflection, deform and destroy monolithic belt, therefore it is recommended to make a small chamfer at their ends before installing them to exclude the manifestation of these negative processes. After the beams have been installed, you can begin installing the subfloor and laying insulation. And if you are making a basement floor, you need to take care of effective vapor barrier.

The installation of metal beams occurs in a similar way, for which the following are used:

I-beams;
channel;
square pipes.

Their bearing capacity quite high, they provide permissible loads of up to 500-600 kg per 1 m², but must have reliable anti-corrosion treatment. Their installation, just like wooden beams, does not require the use of special equipment and can be performed by a team of 2-3 people.

Monolithic ceiling

The device of this type of overlap is also is valid in houses made of aerated concrete and arranged using formwork. The thickness of the slab can be 10-20 cm. This type of flooring has the highest load-bearing capacity, exceeding 800 kg/1 m². For such an overlap the size of the span does not matter, as well as configuration: it can be made round, semicircular, or any other shape.

Concrete can be made directly on site, but It is recommended to use the factory one, with strict adherence to all the technology of its production. Also, most likely, the services of a concrete pump will be required, since the mixture must be supplied to a certain height.

Wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete are an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, lightweight, lightweight, durable building material that is easy to install. Beams are divided depending on their purpose into interfloor, attics and plinths. Floor beams are made from solid, laminated timber, wood with special treatment.

Advantages of wooden floors

Benefits of using a beam during the construction of buildings made of aerated concrete blocks:

The low cost of materials compared to reinforced concrete structures makes it possible to reduce the cost of building construction.
The low weight of building elements reduces the load on load-bearing wall panels and roofing and prevents the possibility of their deformation.
Simple installation of elements, easy to fix with screws, staples, etc. You do not need to use special equipment for the work.
Wood is easy to process; beams can be given different configurations to suit an architectural project. The elements can be used in buildings with bay windows.
Installation work is carried out at different times of the year, including at sub-zero temperatures.

However, it is necessary to take into account the need for moisture-resistant and antiseptic treatment using special impregnations. Application of the compounds prevents the appearance of mold on wood.

There are special fire-resistant impregnations that are used to treat elements in buildings with high safety requirements in Moscow and other cities.

Types and features

Flooring over wooden beams in an aerated concrete house can be of the following types: depending on location:

interfloor;
attic;
basement

Interfloor

The task of interfloor elements is to separate different heated rooms with a similar microclimate.

Floors are made multilayer:

Rolling from boards or wood panels. The materials are hemmed to the floors.
Soundproofing layer made on plank flooring.
Transverse joists fixed with nails or self-tapping screws.
Floor with wooden flooring or lined with linoleum, ceramic tiles, laminate, parquet blocks, etc.
To ventilate the space under the floor, you need to make a gap for exhaust ventilation.
The finishing of floors in the lower part of the room can be done using lining, panels, plasterboard sheets. However, beams can be left without decoration in rooms in country, loft, and minimalist styles.

Basement

Basement ceilings are fixed above an unheated basement; the installation technology differs from the standard one.

When performing work, it is necessary to take into account the following features for plinth elements:

It is recommended to treat the wooden parts of the structure, because... surfaces can be damaged by high humidity from the foundation and soil, as well as accumulating condensation.
The thermal insulation layer should provide a comfortable temperature regime in living rooms. The thickness of the layer is determined in accordance with the climate of the region and the temperature regime in the base.
A waterproofing film is placed under the insulating material to prevent the penetration of moisture from the basement, which reduces the thermal insulation characteristics of the building material.
Then a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of the insulating composition, which prevents the creation of condensation due to the difference in temperature conditions in the residential part and the basement.

Attics

Aerated concrete blocks are used for the construction of attic spaces. When installing floors in the attic, the waterproofing layer is located above the insulation, and the vapor barrier is placed under the insulating composition to create an optimal microclimate in the room.

When arranging the attic space, you can reduce the cost of work by laying out boards in the form of ladders or transverse coverings.

When using the space for household needs, continuous laying of boards is required. It is important to provide a dense layer of insulating composition to prevent the leakage of warm air from the residential part of the building.

Types of beams advantages and disadvantages of each type

Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses are made of the following types:

made of solid wood;
I-beam;
from laminated veneer lumber.

Made from solid timber

Solid wood structures are produced by sawing a single log using special machines. Then the elements are dried without special heat treatment. At the next stage, the materials are treated with antiseptic compounds and calibrated to a given size.

Finally, the products are given a clear outline. Structures are created from solid beams, characterized by increased strength. The length of the elements should not exceed 5 m, so the materials are suitable for cottages.

From laminated veneer lumber

Glulam beams undergo a multi-stage manufacturing process, which increases the strength of products by 50-70%. Cedar, spruce, pine, and larch are used in production.

Advantages of building material:

Beams can reach a length of 12 m.
The weight of the products is small.
The service life increases because materials do not deform during operation.
Glued products are characterized by increased fire resistance compared to solid wood.
It is possible to prepare elements of different thicknesses.
Materials are produced in different strength levels. Beams of the first grade are suitable for areas with increased stress, and where increased loads are not expected, blocks of grades 2 and 3 are used.
The surfaces of the block are smooth, finely processed and do not require additional decoration.
The material is environmentally friendly and does not contain harmful components.

Wooden I-beams

I-beams made of wood are characterized by increased strength, reliability, environmental friendliness, aesthetics, and durability. The materials consist of several layers treated with special impregnations. Deflections and cracks do not form in the elements, the blocks do not dry out during operation, and are easy to install.

Calculation of the required cross-section depending on the span length and loads of the laying step

The required cross-section is calculated in accordance with the loads and other operating conditions. The parameter of the number of beams, their spacing, dimensions and cross-section is influenced by the area of the room and the materials used in the ceiling cladding.

The optimal cross-sectional size for elements of a rectangular configuration is a height to width ratio of 1.4:1. The size of the section is influenced by the type of wood from which the floors are made.

When observing an installation step of 60 cm, it is recommended to consider the following recommendations:

For a span of 2 m, the minimum cross-sectional size is 7.5-10 cm.
With a span length of 2.5 m, the average cross-sectional dimensions reach 7.5-15 cm.
In spans up to 3 m, 7.5-20 cm ceilings are used.
For floor beams in a span of 4-4.5 m, it is recommended to install materials with a section of 10 by 20 cm.
For a span of 5 m, crossbars of 12.5 by 20 cm are used.
In spans of 6 m, floors with a section of 15 by 20 cm will be required.

Installation features

Installation of beams in a building made of aerated blocks is carried out according to the following steps:

project preparation;
procurement of construction materials and tools;
installation work;
insulation of surfaces;
waterproofing the floor of the second floor in an aerated concrete house;
finishing.

Defining the Beam Section

When designing a building made of gas blocks, it is necessary to calculate the cross-section of load-bearing floors in accordance with the dimensions. It is necessary to include in the calculations the mass of furniture, accessories, the number of people living, etc.

The calculations take into account that the step between elements should not be more than 1.2 m, the span is limited by safety requirements to 6 m. The calculation can be done independently or using calculators located on construction portals.

Installation technology

Installation work is carried out subject to the following sequence of steps:

Project preparation.
Installation of a reinforcing belt made of reinforced concrete structures, on which beams are supported using metal plates, anchors or other fasteners. Fastenings must be treated with anti-corrosion impregnations.
Then you need to cut the floors to the length specified in the project. The depth of support on the walls is not less than 12-15 cm. With the planned span length, the beams reach 2.25-2.3 m in length.
The end part of the elements is cut at an angle of 60-70°.
The prepared elements are impregnated with agents to protect against mold and fire.
The load-bearing panels are laid out on a waterproofing layer of roofing felt or roofing felt.
A gap of 2-3 cm is required between the supporting part and the wall panels of the space.
An insulating layer must be laid between the end element and the outer wall.
Then the wooden floors are installed. The work is completed by laying out intermediate beams between floors.

Post-installation finishing

Post-installation finishing work involves finishing and creating a roof. Work begins with the construction of a rough ceiling from the bottom of the floors. The structure is made of plywood sheets.

Free spaces are filled with insulation and vapor barrier materials are laid. The floor of the second floor in an aerated concrete house is also waterproofed. Finishing work is carried out after installing window blocks.

Aerated concrete is an artificial stone, a new building material obtained by foaming cement mortar using a chemical reaction. This type of cellular concrete has the best thermal conductivity, strength, lightness, fire resistance, and ease of processing. It is used in industrial construction as wall, partition, thermal insulation blocks and in private construction - for separating floors.

Installation
Flaws
Reviews

Floor slabs made of aerated concrete can withstand a load of 300-600 kg/m2, and they themselves weigh up to 750 kg. They have precise parameters and a system that makes it easy to adjust them to each other, thereby making the ceilings perfectly smooth, which allows you to save on finishing. Even if the load-bearing walls have unevenness, the foam blocks are easily cut to new parameters. The materials included in their composition - silicon, lime, cement, aluminum powder - are environmentally friendly and do not affect health. Another advantage is that the slabs are easy to transport and store, and they are easy to install.

Aerated concrete floor slabs are:

standard reinforced panels are easy to cut and suitable for prefabricated monolithic structures;
made of autoclaved aerated concrete with a groove/tongue system - most used as floors.

They differ in installation method, size, density and load-bearing capacity. All factory products are reinforced to increase their strength. Since the panels themselves are quite light (from 300 kg) and fragile, hollow-core floor slabs are not produced from aerated concrete. Only blocks intended for monolithic construction can be sold empty.

Installation features

To lay a floor made of aerated concrete reinforced slabs, you will need lifting equipment and three people: one crane operator and two slingers for leveling and laying. In order for the installation of the structure to be of high quality, the supporting walls must first be leveled.

When installing interior partitions, it must be taken into account that their upper edge should be 10 mm below the floor plane. Otherwise, the slabs resting on them will be subject to additional loads, which can lead to cracks in the less durable material. Of course, as a last resort, the structures can be sawed on site (as practitioners recommend), but this will greatly complicate and delay assembly.

Traditionally, the depth of support of slabs on supporting structures should be at least 125 mm. Laying is carried out with soft slings.

By pre-order, you can buy aerated concrete floors for your home from the manufacturer with ready-made hinges. If the slabs are equipped with a tongue-and-groove system, then upon completion of the fitting it is better to further strengthen the system with a tie clamp.

The panels are laid by crane on the walls with the prepared mortar. In places where openings for stairs or communications are expected, a metal structure is installed, and the seams between the slabs are concreted. After this, reinforcement from two levels of steel rod is knitted around the perimeter, the formwork blocks of the floors are placed on the mortar, and the resulting ring anchor is concreted. Only after this the slabs work as a monolith - with a uniform load.

Price

The price of aerated concrete floors ranges from 3,000 to 10,500 rubles/m3. For the approximate cost and dimensions of interfloor floors for a house made of aerated concrete, see the table:

Flaws

The material lacks elasticity, but it is brittle, that is, when the foundation settles, it can crack. Therefore, it is better to make the foundation for a house monolithic, and this is an additional expense. Its use in multi-story construction is not recommended - 3 maximum.

Reinforcement in cellular concrete is susceptible to corrosion; it is necessary to check when purchasing that it has been processed in accordance with the requirements of CH 277-80, otherwise you can forget about durability.

Another significant drawback is that aerated concrete actively absorbs moisture, so that the floor does not remain cold and the plaster from the ceiling does not peel off; it is necessary to create a vapor barrier using a special primer, especially in the toilet and bathroom, where humidity is high.

As for the load-bearing capacity, 300-600 kg/m2 is quite small. Especially if you take into account the weight of people - from 200 kg, furniture, equipment - from 200 kg, screed and covering - from 150 kg, partitions - from 150 kg: this is already 700 kg. At the same time, conventional concrete slabs are designed for 800-1200 kg/m2.

It turns out that you will need to limit the number of guests, install light furniture (without an oak table in the center), make thin floors (warm - the structure will not withstand) and cover them with linoleum at most. As an alternative, you can consider the option of a prefabricated monolithic floor, which does not have such disadvantages.

“I built the house entirely from aerated concrete. The ceilings were laid on a reinforced belt for reliability. I like the result: warm in winter, cool in summer. And most importantly, it’s quiet (we have a railroad nearby). The renovation was beautiful - all the walls are smooth, the floors and flows are even. Just a treat. I don’t know, however, how long it will last - they promised 25 without repairs. So far I’ve been living for 5 years and nothing.”

Alexey Petrov, Vladimir.

“I have a brick 2-story house in the country, and I decided to save on the floors - the structure is reliable. Aerated concrete is lighter and warmer. Yes, and it installs much faster. They blocked off the basement, floor and separated the attic. So far I see only advantages - inexpensive, high quality, beautiful. You can breathe easily in the house without air conditioning, which means the material is truly environmentally friendly.”

Gennady Boyko, St. Petersburg.

“I have a different experience. I work at a car service center. Our owner rebuilt the premises from these new materials. They warned him not to rush, but he didn’t listen. For two years the two-story domino stood as if nothing had happened. But lately it has started to crack - like small cobwebs. Soon the lights in the corridor will no longer need to be turned on - you will be able to see through the gaps. I’m afraid to go to the second floor - the floor there is also made of aerated concrete.”

Pyotr Polyakov, Tver.

“The building will be durable if the project is properly designed and the materials purchased are high-quality, factory-made, certified. If you follow the technology, the house will last for half a century, or even more. I have seen many houses built 20 years ago using new technology (I work on ceilings) - this is a sight for sore eyes. They are cozy, convenient and comfortable. The ceilings do not require additional leveling work.”

Semyon Ivanov, Volgograd.

stoneguru.ru

Aerated concrete floor slabs: types, technology and installation

Aerated concrete is an artificial stone that has recently been used in the construction world. It has great thermal conductivity and strength, is lightweight and easy to install, and has found its application in the construction of partition and wall blocks. Due to the precise parameters of aerated concrete floors, an even and smooth coating is ensured, which does not require subsequent finishing. Aerated concrete walls are prefabricated prefabricated slabs. Great demand for such products has arisen due to their environmentally friendly components that do not affect human health.

Where are they used?

Aerated concrete slabs are used in the installation of floors between floors of buildings, and are also used for the construction of walls. Aerated concrete structures are used in the construction of houses whose height does not exceed three floors. For floors, aerated concrete blocks with technical characteristics suitable for the weight of the vaults are used.

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Advantages

Aerated concrete blocks have no errors in size. Thanks to this, the surface is smooth, which significantly reduces the cost of finishing buildings. But there is one condition - the walls must also be free of reliefs, cracks and potholes. To get rid of defects, putty and sanding are used.
When installing an aerated concrete slab, you do not have to spend a lot of time or make a lot of effort.
The advantages of this material include the lightness of the blocks, which during operation do not put a load on the load-bearing walls of buildings.
When using aerated concrete in the construction of houses with a small number of floors, the following characteristics of the material are taken into account: strength, fire resistance, sound insulation, thermal insulation and moisture resistance. The material is odorless, with environmentally friendly components.
An advantage when working with aerated concrete floors is their convenience when installing balcony bases.

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Flaws

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Main types

Building blocks made of foam concrete are autoclaved and non-autoclaved. The second type is the best in price and quality characteristics. When using autoclave plates, you need to be prepared that after installation, during operation, they “grow old.” In the production of autoclaved cellular aerated concrete slabs, lime is used, which causes the materials to harden as a result of pressure and temperature. In the preparation of non-autoclaved aerated concrete, cement is used as a binding element, as a result of which the particles harden naturally.

Floor slabs for aerated concrete come in the following types:

monolithic;
aerated concrete;
wooden beams;
reinforced concrete slabs;
metal beams.

When using aerated concrete slabs, it is necessary to install a reinforced ring belt.

A reinforced or aerated concrete floor is a monolithic structure consisting of grooves into which slabs are inserted. When working with aerated concrete slabs, they are laid on a reinforcing layer. In this case, the reinforcing structure is treated with anti-corrosion coatings.

The sizes of the slabs are different, but the main condition is that they must protrude 20 cm beyond the span. Prefabricated reinforced concrete floors are also used, the production of which takes place in factories; They are more economical than monolithic ones. Aerated concrete structures are distinguished by their light weight, which cannot be said about reinforced concrete ones.

Monolithic floors about 3 centimeters thick include a reinforcing mesh filled with concrete. Such aerated concrete house structures have different shapes, which makes them different from slab ones. Single floors can withstand heavy loads, which is a plus; disadvantages include their high cost and labor intensity.

There are also prefabricated monolithic structures, which include prefabricated floors made of aerated concrete, the top of which is reinforced with reinforced concrete.

Aerated concrete partitions are installed a couple of centimeters below the ceilings to avoid pressure and the appearance of cracks. Aerated concrete floor slabs can act as door and window lintels. When the wall thickness is more than 5 cm, prefabricated lintels are used, the length of which should be 1 centimeter greater than the opening.

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Technology and installation features

Blocks made from this material are easy to saw.

When starting the installation of gas block floors, use the following tools:

hacksaw;
plane;
glue;
polyurethane foam;
ladle.

After the tools are prepared, they begin to work. The beams are laid without auxiliary mechanisms. The step and amount of material used is calculated in the project. Next, the waterproofing layer is laid, after which the aerated concrete blocks begin to be laid. To insulate the building from the inside, an insulating layer is laid. Next, the reinforcement is filled with concrete mortar and compacted. The formwork is not being removed yet; it is removed after 28 days.

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How to choose?

The durability of a structure in which an aerated concrete block is used is affected by the correct choice of building materials. Before purchasing aerated concrete floors, you need to make sure that there are certificates. This precaution will protect the buyer from counterfeit products and help ensure their quality.

Foam block is a popular and expensive material. In order not to purchase a low-quality product, it is better to check the documents for it without leaving the store. Documentation includes a quality certificate and a hygiene passport. You can also request a fire safety certificate for aerated concrete materials from suppliers with a good reputation. The kit may also include laboratory tests for strength and performance properties.

kladembeton.ru

features, types, pros and cons

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Aerated concrete floor slabs

When carrying out construction work on buildings, developers have to construct a durable floor over the basement of the building, as well as make a reliable ceiling between floors. Thanks to the use of lightweight concrete with a cellular structure, it is possible to reduce the load on the base of the building, soundproof the room, reduce heat loss and complete the work in a limited time. To solve these problems, floor slabs made of aerated concrete are widely used. Let's consider the main characteristics of the building material and the specifics of installation activities.

Aerated concrete slabs - manufacturing features

Aerated concrete has a porous structure with a uniform distribution of air cells in the composite array no larger than 2–3 mm in size. The share of cavities reaches 75% of the total volume of the product. This nuance determines the main performance characteristics of the material - lightness, sound and heat insulation. Aerated concrete products, which combine the properties of brick and wood, are in demand in the construction industry.

The production of aerated concrete can be carried out in various ways:

autoclave To produce panels using the autoclave method, lime is used as a binding component. The process of hardening occurs in tanks where elevated temperature and pressure are maintained. Molding containers are filled with a concrete mixture containing special ingredients. The molds are then sealed and placed in autoclaves. A chemical reaction occurs, the mass increases in volume and hardens;
non-autoclave. Unlike autoclave technology, the non-autoclave method of manufacturing aerated concrete floor slabs involves the use of cement as a binder. Hardening occurs under natural conditions and does not require the use of special energy-intensive equipment. The cellular structure of the composite mass is formed by adding special substances to the liquid concrete solution that promote gas formation.

Aerated concrete is an artificial stone that has recently been used in the construction world

Panels produced using autoclave and non-autoclave technology differ in their solid structure:

autoclave material has a homogeneous structure. Air cells are evenly distributed throughout the volume, which has a positive effect on the properties;
non-autoclaved products are characterized by uneven porosity. The concentration of cells increases with approaching the upper plane of the slab.

Autoclaved products acquire hardness during the manufacturing process, while non-autoclave products gradually harden over a long period of time after production.

Aerated concrete slabs - the main advantages and main disadvantages

Aerated concrete composite panels are widely used in the construction of buildings due to a set of advantages:

minimal deviations in dimensions. Thanks to precise dimensions, there is no need for adjustment, making it easier to create a flat surface;
light weight. To perform installation, there is no need for heavy lifting equipment and the load on the foundation of the building is reduced;
possibilities for accelerated installation. The use of standard products with increased dimensions allows you to quickly build a floor;

For floors, aerated concrete blocks with technical characteristics suitable for the weight of the arches are used

increased sound insulation properties. Due to the porous structure of aerated concrete, the penetration of external noise into the room is problematic;
high thermal insulation properties. Aerated concrete slabs reliably insulate the floor and ceiling of the room, reducing heating costs;
fire safety. The panels are not afraid of open fire, providing increased fire safety of the objects being built;
good workability. If necessary, it is easy to make holes in the slabs for utilities using household tools;
frost resistance. The structure of the aerated concrete mass and strength are maintained for more than two hundred cycles of freezing with further thawing;
vapor permeability. Thanks to the cellular structure, air exchange is carried out and a comfortable level of humidity in the room is maintained;
long service life. The durability of aerated concrete floor slabs is commensurate with the service life of the building being constructed;
environmental safety. When using aerated concrete panels, the release of substances harmful to human health is eliminated.

An undeniable advantage is also the ability to reduce the cost of building a facility by using panels with increased dimensions. Savings are achieved by reducing the duration of the construction cycle, reducing the labor intensity of work, as well as reducing the need for binding solutions.

The advantage when working with aerated concrete floors is their convenience when installing balcony bases

Along with the advantages, there are also certain disadvantages:

fragility. Having an increased margin of compressive strength, the panels lose their integrity under the influence of impact loads. When performing loading and unloading operations, special care should be taken;
hygroscopicity. Unprotected aerated concrete absorbs moisture, which negatively affects its strength characteristics and thermal insulation properties. The cellular surface should be carefully treated with moisture-resistant compounds.

Having analyzed the advantages and assessed the weaknesses of aerated concrete floor slabs, developers often opt for these products, which can withstand loads of up to 0.6 t/m2.

Aerated concrete floor slabs - design options

The ceiling is a critical part of the building that bears increased loads.

Using aerated concrete as a building material, you can build a ceiling slab from aerated concrete in various options:

whole. It is formed from an aerated concrete composition poured into a pre-installed formwork with a reinforcement cage. The main feature is flatness and absence of seams;
prefabricated monolithic. Porous blocks or panels of standard sizes are used as the base building material. A ceiling surface is formed from them, which is then thermally insulated and concreted;
team The structure is quickly assembled from industrially manufactured panels. They are installed on the supporting surface of the main walls with subsequent sealing of the joint areas.

By giving preference to the latter option, you can significantly reduce the duration of construction work and avoid increased costs.

When working with aerated concrete slabs, they are laid on a reinforcing layer

Aerated concrete floor slabs - purpose

Aerated concrete panels used for the construction of ceilings solve the following problems:

uniformly transfer current loads to load-bearing walls;
increase the stability of the frame of the building under construction;
connect the main walls into a common power circuit;
perceive the weight of various structural elements;
reduce the amount of heat loss by insulating the room;
increase the fire safety of the facility.

In order to increase the strength characteristics and prevent destruction as a result of deformation, an armored concrete belt reinforced with steel reinforcement is constructed along the supporting contour.

How to install floor slabs on aerated concrete

Various methods are used to form a durable ceiling of an aerated concrete structure. Let's consider prefabricated monolithic technology, which involves the use of standard aerated concrete elements.

Sequence of events:

Calculate the safety margin of the future structure.
Lay the floor beams at the calculated intervals.
Assemble the formwork and insulate it with polystyrene foam.
Lay a layer of waterproofing material.
Lay the gas blocks, resting them on the support beams.
Assemble and install the reinforcement cage.
Prepare the concrete solution and carry out concreting.
Compact the array with a vibrator to increase density.

You can begin dismantling the formwork after the concrete has hardened, no earlier than a month after pouring. The strength characteristics of this structure allow it to be used for buildings up to three floors high.

Results

Using aerated concrete panels, you can form a durable floor. You should calculate the load, take into account the number of floors and choose a design option. Advice from experienced builders will help you avoid mistakes.

pobetony.ru

Which floor slabs are best to use for aerated concrete houses?

When building houses from aerated concrete, it becomes necessary to choose the type of floors. It is necessary to ensure not only the strength of the structure itself, but also to resolve a number of other issues related to the cost of construction and installation work, the time of work, and compliance with design solutions.

The main function of floors is to redistribute the weight of the elements and objects located on them onto the supporting frame of the building. It is advisable to apply a limit on the number of storeys of aerated concrete houses - up to 3 floors. Therefore, the choice is made taking into account the material of the walls, but the gas blocks themselves must correspond to the planned appearance of this architectural element.

Types of floors

The following types of floors can be used in the construction of buildings:

Monolithic;
Reinforced concrete slabs;
Structures with the installation of aerated concrete slabs;
Wooden or metal beams.

Choosing a monolithic or prefabricated option, using a beam scheme, hollow concrete slabs, ordering a prefabricated metal structure or manufacturing a monolithic slab on site are the options on the choice of which the characteristics of the future building will largely depend. Four main factors are important:

availability of special equipment;
cost of materials and construction work;
material resistance to external influences;
construction time.

The use of hollow slabs made of heavy concrete is also acceptable. They have similar characteristics to the analogues discussed above, but the mass of such overlaps will be higher. Therefore, you must first carefully calculate the load, and before installation you should equip a strong monolithic belt of reinforcement. This option is applicable for spans up to 6 m.

When installing reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to evaluate the possibilities of using special equipment and delivering slabs to the site, taking into account their size and significant weight. Choosing a floor slab option, the price of which is quite reasonable and can withstand increased loads, is perfect for this type of building.

The advantages of tiled flooring also include:

possibility of quick installation;
high rates of sound insulation and thermal insulation.

When choosing this type of construction, a uniform level of thermal conductivity of the entire building is ensured. In addition, the mass of such a slab is less than its reinforced concrete counterpart. The convenience of the prefabricated structure itself is also created - the presence of a tongue-and-groove system for connecting the slabs into a single surface. If you use slabs without such a system, then the connection is made using reinforcement with pouring sand-cement mortar.

Aerated concrete products can be manufactured to order using the autoclave method with an average length of 6 m. Therefore, the customer can choose the size ordered, but it should be remembered that such an overlap must be 20 cm longer than the span. It is also necessary to take into account the production time in order to adhere to the construction and installation work schedule.

The main advantage of this design is the ability to obtain any desired shape. The thickness of the overlap is up to 300 mm with a load-bearing capacity of up to 800 kg per 1 sq. m. For smooth structures, the maximum span is taken to be 6 m, and for slabs with a ribbed surface – up to 9 m.

Monolithic flooring provides additional support in the horizontal plane for walls during seismic vibrations. The thickness and characteristics of the reinforcement are determined by the planned load-bearing capacity.

The construction procedure is more labor-intensive and costly. First, the installation of formwork and reinforcement is required. Concrete is poured into the created frame. A limitation when arranging the floor is also the requirement to carry out work at above-zero air temperatures. Concreting in cold weather, even with the use of antifreeze additives, increases the time it takes for concrete to acquire formwork strength.

To equip attic or attic floors, you can use the installation of wooden beams. It is recommended to use them if the distance between spans does not exceed 6 m in order to eliminate the possibility of deflections.

The beams rest on a reinforced belt made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The width of the support is at least 12-15 cm. The beams are secured with anchor plates. They should also be pre-treated with fire-resistant and antimicrobial protective compounds. Particular attention should be paid to vapor barrier and thermal insulation of the ceiling.

Plywood or board flooring is placed on the beams. The space between the beams is filled with insulation - expanded clay, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene.

Higher load-bearing capacity is ensured by installing metal structures using I-beams, channels and square-section pipes. Additionally, it is necessary to carry out anti-corrosion treatment.

The advantages of this option in building a house are associated with relatively low costs and the possibility of quick installation by a team of 2-3 people.

When arranging between floors in houses made of aerated concrete, one should not only take into account the factor of cost and speed of construction and installation work, but also calculate the load on the walls from the selected material, taking into account its own weight. It is quite acceptable to use several types of floors, for example, aerated concrete slabs or a monolith for the entire house, and wooden beams for the attic floor.

onlyforemont.ru

Monolithic flooring in a house made of aerated concrete: theory and procedure

Options for the interfloor floors of a house made of aerated concrete blocks provide for the correct ratio of the weight of the structure and the strength of the load-bearing walls of the house; the balance of the strength of the floor and the rigidity of the structure is also taken into account. In addition, no less attention is paid to the factors of noise insulation, fire resistance and heat preservation ability.

A reliable and durable floor for an aerated concrete house that meets generally accepted standards can be made of three types - slab, wood beams or metal beams, and a monolithic type floor.

What is a monolithic floor?

First, let's understand the properties of aerated concrete and the principles of constructing houses from this material.

Cellular concrete blocks are made from a mixture of lime, cement and sand, into which an aluminum-based chemical, a foaming composition, is added. Aerated concrete is made both by an autoclave method by actively influencing the solution poured into block molds using steam and pressure, and by a non-autoclave method. The gradation of its quality and price depends on this.

Such a block weighs relatively little, retains heat well, is also fire-resistant and environmentally friendly, allowing you to build a house in the shortest possible time.

Aerated concrete requires a special approach, because the cellular structure of the blocks minimizes the strength properties and the ceiling is constructed taking this circumstance into account.

It is necessary that the weight of the structure pressing on the load-bearing supports be compensated by belt-type reinforcement, creating the rigidity of the load-bearing walls. The reinforcement is placed at the bottom, at the top and in the center, protecting the aerated concrete blocks from the pushing effect from the ceiling. The ceiling itself is also supplemented with reinforcement.
Sections of load-bearing walls must be accurately measured for deviation from a strictly horizontal line, but if such a problem does occur, then aerated concrete makes it easy to correct the situation by sawing the material.

Monolithic slab

A monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete is placed on beams with different cross-sectional sizes covering the entire surface area. Its most important part is a frame with a reinforcing function. Metal rods with a small cross-section are fastened with wire into a single reinforcing system. It is this that will bear the greatest load, giving the concrete literally “iron strength.”

Concrete is ordered ready-made from companies specializing in the sale of building materials, or it is made independently. When manufactured independently, mixers of small dimensions are used, which reduces the quality of the design, since there is a high risk of mixing volumes of concrete with different composition ratios, which will create heterogeneity of pouring and reduce strength.

Attention!

In such an important task, poor quality filling puts people’s lives at risk, so you should not experiment with the manual method of preparing the solution.

Prefabricated monolithic floor

You can use both the monolithic covering method and the method of covering aerated concrete using the prefabricated principle. This is a subtype of the monolithic method. It is suitable for a building consisting of one or two floors. The interfloor space is “stitched with beams” at intervals of 60 cm. Polystyrene concrete or expanded clay blocks are laid out on them, acting as both formwork and part of the floor. Concrete solution reinforced with reinforcement is poured on top and left until completely dry.

Finished slabs

Flooring made from slabs with voids is suitable if you are willing to spend a lot of money, since both the slabs themselves and their installation, which requires renting equipment for lifting, are more expensive. In terms of price, the situation becomes less burdensome if there is a factory nearby that produces such slabs, since you can order directly from the manufacturer, and the delivery budget will be quite acceptable. In this case, the project will cost even less than a monolithic one.

In what cases are monolithic and prefabricated-monolithic methods combined?

Prefabricated monolithic type ceilings impose certain regulations on the parameters of the building itself in terms of length and width, and the location of load-bearing walls.

This is dictated by the standard dimensions of the slabs and the fact that the slabs require support on supporting structures. That is, it is necessary to adjust the house plan and the arrangement of rooms in accordance with the standard dimensions of hollow-core slabs.

The support is made by the opposite sides of the slabs on the load-bearing walls. It is unacceptable to lay slabs on three walls, since this circumstance will incorrectly distribute the load on the foundation of the house, which is categorically unacceptable in the case of aerated concrete.

In overlap areas where it is not possible to place slabs, monolithic fragments are constructed. This usually happens due to the reduced area of the house, or in places where the ventilation system shafts from the bathroom or kitchen area are located.

The monolithic method of creating an interfloor divider is more convenient and multifunctional; it does not limit the planning of rooms and the ratio of the length and width of the building.

Do-it-yourself ceiling

Material, tools and technique

To work, you will need to order mixers with concrete, a concrete pump (if you need to lift the mortar to a height), and a construction vibrator for the mortar. Also, if the concrete mixture is not purchased, but is made independently, then use a concrete mixer.
For reinforcement it is necessary to purchase special metal rods and knitting wire, and for formwork - wooden beams, boards and moisture-resistant plywood.
For pouring, you will need ready-made concrete or its usual components in the form of cement, water, purified sand and small crushed stone 5-20 mm.

The transition from the process of erecting walls to creating a floor slab occurs at the stage of completely bringing them to the intended height. They start with formwork.

How to make formwork?

First, formwork is made, which looks like a huge bathtub mold for subsequent filling with cement mortar. It is constructed from moisture-resistant plywood sheets and vertically installed support parts.

Instead of wooden beams, special telescopic metal tubular racks can be used as supporting elements. And instead of plywood sheets, you can take boards, laying them out according to the same principle.

Supports for the formwork are placed based on the strength that would support not only its weight, but also the concrete poured there, coupled with the weight of the reinforcement component.

So, the sequence of work on formwork for a monolith:

Construction of supports. Here you need to check the level very carefully, since even a slight deviation in height will have a detrimental effect on the strength. Each rack assumes a load from a minimum of 300 kg to an optimal of half a ton.
An indentation of 20-25 cm is made from the walls, a meter distance is maintained between the racks.
Laying beams across the proposed floor slab, they are attached to the walls and sewn in those places where they come into contact with the posts to create maximum stability and stability during pouring and drying.
The size of the beam is selected such that the concrete mass does not create a deflection in the bottom of the formwork beyond the permissible measure of 1/150 of the span.
Boards or plywood sheets are laid on the created base, which are additionally insulated with film. The gaps between the boards can also be foamed for greater reliability.
At the same stage, pipes for electrical wiring and ventilation are laid.
The formwork is ready and you can proceed to the construction of the reinforcing mesh.

Requirements for fittings

Take metal rods with a cross section from 8 mm to 10 mm.
They make a mesh, fastening them with wire no more than one and a half millimeters in cross-section and no less than 1.2 mm.
The reinforcement is placed on two levels - on the upper tier, creating a tensile effect, and on the lower, working on compression.
Indentations are made between the reinforcing mesh and the formwork of 20-25 mm in order to maintain the optimal thickness of the concrete layer in these overlap areas.
The upper tier of reinforcement should be at a distance of 100 mm from the lower one.
The resulting gap is equipped with distance clamps with support legs.
A rod with a cross-section of 10 mm can, if necessary, be increased by no more than 480 mm.
Reinforcement rods in tiers are fastened according to the checkerboard principle.

How to reinforce

The lower part of the reinforcement is laid longitudinally, and on top of it a transverse row of rods is installed in two-meter increments.
The third row is again laid longitudinally, adhering to a meter step.
Take a wire with sufficient softness and go through all the intersections of the rods, carefully tying them together.
Plastic clamps are attached to the bottom layer of reinforcement at an angle of 15° at a meter distance from each other.
So the lower tier is filled with reinforcing mesh and after that they begin to create the upper tier using exactly the same principle.
Every 40 cm, the edges of both tiers are fastened with special connectors.

Pouring concrete

Requirements for strength, quality, thickness:

It is permissible to use only high-quality concrete; usually M200 or even better materials are used. The quality of concrete is the key to the required strength of the floor.
The thickness of the slab is calculated from a minimum of 15 cm to a maximum of 30 cm.
Filling should not be done at temperatures below +5°C. If the situation leaves no choice, then the composition is supplemented with special additives and the solution is heated before use.

Mark the fill height.
The procedure itself takes place in one go. The full volume of concrete is continuously poured into the mold using a concrete pump. Otherwise, if poured in several stages, the ceiling will lose strength.
The concrete is leveled to the shape of the formwork.
Be sure to use a construction vibrator to remove air bubbles from the composition. You can't do without vibration work. The gravity of the concrete itself is not sufficient for the required compaction; it is necessary to subject the composition to vibration, since only in this case will it be compressed to the required standard and adhere together with the reinforcing mesh.

To fully harden and achieve peak strength, concrete is dried for 27-28 days.

After complete hardening, construction work is resumed.

Advantages and disadvantages of this type of overlap

Pros:

The load-bearing function is many times higher in quality than when using beams.
Freedom in building planning, both in terms of aspect ratio and building shape.
The durable type of flooring is well suited to the specifics of aerated concrete.

Of the minuses:

Both the work itself and the drying process take a lot of time.
You need special equipment and technical equipment.
An accurate load calculation is required to determine the parameters of a monolithic slab.
The cost of the project will be significantly higher than using wood.

To strengthen the upper part of the walls, in order to compensate for the load from the slab, a reinforcing belt is laid out, a continuous structure along the entire contour of the building.
To check the concrete for drying, you need to put a piece of roofing felt on top and check it after a few hours. If the material from the inner part is moistened and has condensation, then the monolith is not ready yet, but if it is dry, then the hardening is complete and successful.

Having familiarized yourself with all the nuances of constructing an interfloor monolithic slab for an aerated concrete house, you can choose to take a balanced approach to the choice of roofing method, weighing the pros and cons, estimating your capabilities in terms of time and budget.

Useful video

See how the process works. A specialist will tell you what you should pay attention to:

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Aerated concrete floor slabs: dimensions, advantages, installation

Aerated concrete floor slabs are reinforced products with grooves made of cellular concrete with density D 500 and strength D 2.5, are manufactured in lengths from 2.5 to 6 meters and have a weight from 240 kg to 670 kg. The manufacturer can produce products to order. Transportation of aerated concrete slabs to a construction site is carried out in a horizontal position. The steel crossbars required for installation are supplied with the slabs. For unloading and stacking, use mounting belts or special holders, i.e. mounting hangers.

Advantages of using aerated concrete floor slabs

Installation of aerated concrete floor slabs

	Installation of floor slabs is carried out on an armored belt, and an adhesive solution is applied to the support area of the slabs. It is very important to accurately install the first slab so as not to move or adjust the next ones. After installing the next slab, it must be pressed flush against the previous one along its entire length.
	After installing the slabs, ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm is placed in the seams between them and filled with concrete mixture.

Aerated concrete floor slabs can be extended beyond the building's contours. The maximum extension of the panel beyond the wall can be 1.5 meters. This way you can get a balcony.

To impart the necessary rigidity and stability to the laid slabs, as well as to create the solidity of the entire floor, a ring anchor must be mounted along the entire perimeter of the load-bearing walls.

	Before installing the ring anchor, external formwork should be organized using special sealing blocks laid with glue. The height of the sealing blocks is equal to the height of the aerated concrete slabs.
	Insulation is placed into the resulting cavity, closer to the outside, and anchor and joint reinforcement is installed and concrete grade of at least 150 is poured.
	After laying the concrete, it must be compacted with a vibrator or a piece of reinforcement along the entire length of the ring anchor. Excess concrete should be removed using a regular trowel or trowel and the resulting reinforced concrete ring should be smoothed.

The result will be an aerated concrete floor, sealed around the perimeter with a reinforced concrete ring anchor.

Stages of construction from aerated concrete
Types of interfloor ceilings
Wooden floor

Tags: aerated concrete, house construction Category: News, Construction from aerated concrete | Your feedback "

Aerated concrete is a material with which you can quickly build a house. It holds heat well and is easy to install. Buildings made of aerated concrete have a maximum of 3 floors. This is due to the calculation of the maximum load. The ceilings in such houses come in different types, depending on the capabilities and wishes of the customer. Let's try to understand most of them.

Features and types of floors for aerated concrete

The floors of the first floor are a structurally important part of the building. It is on them that the entire vertical load of the walls of a house made of aerated concrete falls. The floors also have to withstand the weight of installed furniture, flooring and people living in the building. In addition, they provide the necessary rigidity to the structure. Photo of wooden beams of different sections below.

It is especially important to correctly calculate and select floors for houses made of aerated concrete. Due to its porosity, this material has lower compressive strength, which should be taken into account when choosing beams of different sections or other structures for a building made of gas silicate blocks.

There are several flooring options for aerated concrete houses. Each of them has its pros and cons and is suitable in one case or another. The types of best floor structures can be divided into the following types depending on the materials used and installation technologies.

Monolithic;
On metal or wooden beams;
Tiled floors: made of aerated concrete or reinforced concrete.

Below you can see photos of the installation of structures with beams of different sections and others.

Wooden floors in an aerated concrete house

Installation of wooden floors in an aerated concrete house along beams is one of the best options. A special feature of this design is the mandatory armored belt on the aerated concrete on which it will be installed. Wooden beams of different sections are secured with studs, as well as metal corners and plates. This method is quite reliable for structures made of gas silicate blocks.

The installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete on large-section beams differs from each other according to several criteria. First of all, this concerns the material from which the beams are made. The best forms are edged boards or timber, in some cases logs. More and more often, recently, I-beams of wooden beams are widely used for installation, and a little less often, glued beams are used in a private house made of aerated concrete.

The construction of floors made of large-section wooden beams on reinforced belts on aerated concrete may also differ in the method of filling voids. For this purpose, the rolling of their shields on top of the cranial blocks, as well as insulation, vapor and waterproofing materials can be used.

The construction and installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete along beams with reinforced belts may also vary depending on the material used to line the beams. This can be plasterboard sheets, plywood, chipboard, plastic lining. Often the bottom of the wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete along the beams is left without filing, creating the effect of antiquity or embodying other design solutions. Photo and video solutions with beams and their best installation method are located below.

Monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete

A monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete using beams of different sections is made independently at the construction site. The exception is the concrete itself, which is needed for installation. It is not recommended to make it in small-sized mixers, but it is better to order it directly from specialized companies ready-made. This is due to the fact that monolithic floors are a structure that is responsible for the safety of people living in a house made of aerated concrete. It is quite difficult to prepare reliable concrete by hand.

The most important part of a monolithic floor is the frame. It is made from reinforcement of small cross-section and the required thickness, tied with wire. The metal frame will take on the entire load from the concrete. It is mounted in pre-prepared wooden formwork. Typically, the thickness of the monolithic floor in gas silicate houses is 150-300 mm thick. Gas silicate blocks may not be able to withstand heavy loads.

The advantages of a monolithic design include:

Better load-bearing capacity, unlike small-section beams;
Variety of manufactured standard sizes for installation and installation in buildings made of gas silicate blocks;
Wide range of configurations. A monolithic floor can be cast in any shape, not just rectangular like with beams. Visible in the photo.
Possibility of installation or installation in buildings made of aerated concrete, where the use of tiled floor devices is limited or completely excluded.

Monolithic structures in a house made of gas silicate blocks, in addition to their advantages, also have a number of disadvantages. These include:

Deadlines. This includes both the duration of the installation itself and the time required for the concrete to gain the necessary strong parameters, in contrast to floors over wooden beams in an aerated concrete house.
The need for specialized equipment for installing the best monolithic floors in the house, such as mixers, concrete pumps.
To install the best monolithic floor in a house made of gas silicate blocks, it is necessary to make a load calculation project.
A fairly high price, which increases the total cost of installing a building made of aerated concrete, in contrast to flooring with wooden beams.

Interfloor ceilings

The installation of the best interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete on wooden beams of different sections or on a monolithic basis is one of the most important. Its peculiarity is the need to install a floor on which people will walk and install household items and furniture. As a result, the load on the best interfloor floors will increase significantly in a house made of aerated concrete on the installed beams.

One of the best solutions is to install a wooden floor, namely natural or laminated timber, as well as modern I-beams. The spacing of their installation in the best interfloor slab in an aerated concrete house depends on the cross-section, but is usually 0.6 - 1.2 meters. The best length for large-section beams in a house is considered to be 6 meters. In the photo you can see the correct calculation and installation of the best wooden floor and the number of beams on the first and second floors.

In the wooden floor of a house made of aerated concrete, excellent beams are mounted at right angles to the load-bearing walls. They will be installed on a pre-prepared reinforced concrete reinforcing belt. Beforehand, a layer of waterproofing is laid under the wooden beams installed on the walls in the planned floor structure of an aerated concrete house.

The size of the niche should be 2-3 cm. The beam in an aerated concrete house should rest on a reinforcing belt for a length of 15 cm. The supporting part should be wrapped in a layer of roofing felt over bitumen or a self-adhesive membrane. In places where wooden beams are installed on the monolithic reinforcing belt of aerated concrete house, anchors or plates are installed. Look at the photo for the best installation solutions for gas silicate blocks.

Basement ceiling

According to the principle of construction, the basement floor on wooden beams of an aerated concrete house is almost no different from the interfloor floor. Although there are some peculiarities.

If there are damp rooms on the ground floor of an aerated concrete house: a bathhouse, a swimming pool, then it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer over the beams before installing the insulation. If the interfloor ceiling in the house is wooden, then the material must be treated with an antiseptic to avoid the occurrence of fungus and rot.
If the lower floor of a house made of aerated concrete, for example a storage room or garage, is cold, the size of the insulation along the beams should be increased. The best thickness is 20 cm. Photo showing the installation of wooden beams below.
The difference in temperature between floors of an aerated concrete house can lead to condensation. To avoid such a situation, a vapor barrier layer should be placed on top of the insulation of the wooden interfloor over the wooden beams. Look at the photo for the best installation solutions for gas silicate blocks.

Attic floor in a house made of gas silicate blocks

A peculiarity of the installation of attic wooden floors in aerated concrete houses, in contrast to interfloor ones, is the absence of laying the floor along the beams in most cases. Except for the moments when the attic will be used as living rooms.

If the premises will be used as a storage room, for example, then only a subfloor along the beams will be sufficient. Most often, on the attic wooden floor in an elite aerated concrete house, instead of a floor, as opposed to an interfloor floor, simply bridges will be laid, along which you can control the condition of the rafter system or roof.

To prevent cold from penetrating from an unheated attic into the interblock space, insulation should be laid along the beams. Its optimal thickness should be 15-20 cm. Due to the lower load on the wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete, unlike an interfloor one, it can be made from beams of smaller diameter, as can be seen in the photo.

Construction of floors in houses using aerated concrete: video

Regardless of what material is chosen for the installation of floors in a house made of aerated concrete, the work requires special knowledge and skills. The video below shows step by step the process of installing wooden beams on gas silicate blocks.

For the installation of metal and wooden interfloor floors of a house from gas silicate blocks, the main stages are the manufacture of beams, their installation on special gaps in the reinforcing belt, installation of flooring from boards or profiles, all the necessary insulation and waterproofing layers, and the floor.

Monolithic work on the first floor consists of preparing formwork, making a frame and pouring concrete. Interfloor tiles are considered the simplest; you just need to correctly place the blanks on the load-bearing walls made of gas silicate blocks, as in the photo.

Overlapping the first and second floors in a house made of aerated concrete

Any possible type of structure can be suitable for constructing the first floor ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete. These can be tiled, monolithic, wooden or metal beams along a reinforced belt. The ceilings of the first floor in the house do not receive negative impacts from either the cold and damp basement or the attic. Although they often bear the main load on the beams.

Typically, the second floor houses heavy furniture, bedrooms, and people move frequently. Therefore, you need to carefully calculate the load on interfloor monolithic wooden floors and beams in a house made of gas silicate blocks, look at the photo.

After covering the second floor there is usually an attic. If it is made in the form of an attic where living rooms are supposed to be located, then the requirements for the interfloor wooden beam floor in a house made of gas silicate blocks will be the same as after the first floor. If the attic is uninhabited or not equipped at all due to its low height, then you can make a lightweight structure without flooring or limit yourself to installing a rough one. Photos of the beams are just below.

Armopoyas on aerated concrete

The installation of a reinforced belt on an aerated concrete house is fundamental for the first floor floors on wooden beams. It has several meanings. Firstly, thanks to the interfloor monolithic reinforced belt on aerated concrete, the entire aerated concrete house is strengthened, reliably tightening the aerated concrete.

The room becomes more protected from precipitation and deformation. Secondly, wooden or metal floor beams in an aerated concrete house rest on the reinforcing belt. Photos and videos of the reinforced belt are just below.

In order to install a monolithic armored belt on aerated concrete under wooden floors, a special material with a groove is used. A metal frame made of reinforcement is installed in them. Then concrete is poured for the reinforced belt. To retain heat on the outside of the wall, polystyrene insulation is added for floors over wooden beams in an aerated concrete house.

If it is impossible to purchase special aerated concrete, then you can make a regular monolithic reinforced belt or make the necessary holes yourself. Photos and videos of the structure below, as well as the wooden beams located on them.

Choosing the best floor for an aerated concrete house: expert advice

Which flooring is best for an aerated concrete house? Or which one is more reliable? These questions are often asked by people planning to build a house from aerated concrete. There is no clear answer to them. But we can highlight the fundamental points.

The ceiling on the ground floor of an aerated concrete house is best done monolithic or block. Wooden and metal beams are significantly deformed under the influence of excess moisture, and even all the necessary waterproofing materials will not be able to completely protect them.
For an attic floor in a house made of aerated concrete, a light wooden structure made of beams, with a subfloor and a thick layer of insulation is quite sufficient. It will bear the minimum load that any structure must cope with.
For the interfloor covering of an aerated concrete house, you can choose either tiled or monolithic or using wooden and metal beams.

Based on the material used, the slabs are divided into:

reinforced concrete;
aerated concrete.

Reinforced concrete hollow slabs

This is the most popular and affordable type of slab.

Previously, the use of massive reinforced concrete floors was unavailable in the construction of a private house due to their high cost and heavy weight, requiring the use of special equipment for delivery and lifting. Now such problems do not arise, but a crane or manipulator has become commonplace in low-rise construction.

Hollow core slabs made of reinforced concrete have additional relief in the form of through chamber openings, and they themselves are made from heavy grades of concrete using reinforcement, which provides the necessary rigidity and strength. Such an overlap has a number of undeniable advantages:

Lightweight construction compared to a monolithic slab; voids significantly reduce the weight of the product, which means they can be safely used in buildings made of aerated concrete up to 3 floors inclusive.
High strength, which is ensured by internal cavities, reinforcement and high-quality concrete. The load-bearing capacity of slabs of this type is from 800 kg/m2.
Simplified installation and the ability to mount on bases of any shape. The size of the slab can be 6 or 9 meters, which significantly expands the possibilities for planning.
Internal cavities can be used to accommodate communications and wiring.
Good sound insulation.

The installation of reinforced concrete floors will be required along the entire perimeter. It can be made monolithic using formwork and reinforcement with a thickness of 10 mm. The width of the belt is at least 150 mm - the distance over which the slab will rest. Thanks to this, the load on the walls is reduced, local stresses caused by the pressure of the upper floor and the slab itself are eliminated.

Marking

According to the configuration of the cavities, the slabs are divided into:

PC – with round voids, rests on 2 sides;
PKT – with round cavities, rests on 3 sides;
PKK - with round voids, laid on 4 walls;
PKT – with round cavities, installation on 2 end and 1 long side;
PG – with pear-shaped voids; thickness – 260 mm; support on 2 ends;
PB – made without formwork, using continuous molding; its thickness is 260 mm, hole diameter is 159 mm; The product is placed on 2 end sides.

Based on the size of the cavities and thickness, the slabs are divided into the following types:

solid single-layer:

1P - slabs 120 mm thick.
2P - slabs 160 mm thick;

multi-hollow:

1pc - slabs 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm.
2PK - slabs 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 140 mm.
PB - slabs 220 mm thick without formwork.

Slabs of types 2P and 2PK are made only from heavy concrete.

Dimensions

The size of the hollow core slab is indicated in its marking.

For example, PC 90.15-8. This is a round-hollow slab 90 decimeters long and 15 inches wide. The permissible load on the floor is 8 MPa (800 kgf/m2).

Below the spoiler are the standard sizes of the slabs. To view, click on the “Table” heading.

Slab type	Coordination dimensions of the slab, mm
Slab type
1pc	From 2400 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 7500	1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600
1pc		1000, 1200, 1500
1PKT	From 3600 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 7500
1PKK	From 2400 to 3600 inclusive. at intervals of 300	From 4800 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200
4pcs	From 2400 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 9000	1000, 1200, 1500
5pcs	6000, 9000, 12000	1000, 1200, 1500
6pcs	12000	1000, 1200, 1500
7pcs	From 3600 to 6300 inclusive. at intervals of 3000	1000, 1200, 1500, 1800
PG	6000, 9000, 12000	1000, 1200, 1500

You will find more information in the article about.

Support depth

It is important not to exceed the maximum support depth. Otherwise, the slab will act as a lever and, under heavy loads, the wall may rise slightly above the slab. It is not noticeable to the eye, but is critical for the structure. Under loads from installed furniture, equipment and erected internal interior partitions, cracks may appear in the walls due to the resulting stresses.

The length of support (the depth of insertion of slabs into the walls) should not exceed:

for brick walls - 160 mm;
when supporting floor slabs on aerated concrete blocks of class B3.5-B7.5 - 200 mm;
when resting on a concrete reinforced belt - 120 mm.

The minimum support length is also standardized. It should not be less than:

80 mm - for brick walls;
100 mm - for walls made of cellular concrete blocks;
65 mm - when resting on dense concrete class B10 and higher.

Installing a floor made of reinforced concrete structures will necessarily require the use of a crane or manipulator with a large lifting capacity. The weight of a standard 6-meter slab reaches 2 tons. In addition, installation will require certain skills. Thus, leveling is carried out along the seams on the smooth side of the ceiling, after which the slabs are fastened with anchors, and the joints are filled with cement mortar. Mineral wool and polystyrene foam can be used as insulation.

Aerated concrete slab floors

Not only are partitions made from foamed concrete, but also interfloor partitions. This material has good strength, low thermal conductivity, it is easy to process and easy to use. An aerated concrete slab can withstand loads from 300 to 600 kg/m2, and the maximum weight does not exceed 750 kg. The precision with which such an overlap is made allows installation in a short time and does not require additional preparation for subsequent finishing. These are the lightest floor slabs for aerated concrete walls.

Now on the market you can find two types of such structures:

They are made of concrete using autoclave injection molding and are equipped with special “groove-tooth” type elements, which simplifies installation. With this method, the density can correspond to the concrete grade D500. This option is most in demand in low-rise construction.
Standard panels, reinforced with reinforcing elements, can be used in any monolithic construction. They are easy to process, inexpensive, and well suited for non-standard solutions.

The maximum size of aerated concrete slabs does not exceed 5980 by 625 mm, and the thickness can range from 150 to 300 mm. Minimum length 2980 mm, pitch 300 mm. Such a variety of sizes and low weight makes it easy and with minimal losses to close the space between floors or any complex shape.

The edges of the slab must rest at least 10 cm on the wall of the house, so the layout must be done taking into account this size.

The disadvantages of such an overlap arise from the features of cellular concrete itself, therefore, the choice must be approached carefully and after careful calculations of the load-bearing load and operating conditions.

Aerated concrete is a very fragile material that is practically devoid of elasticity. To avoid cracks in walls and ceilings, it is necessary to take care of a high-quality monolithic or well-buried foundation that prevents any movement of the soil.
This material perfectly absorbs moisture, and this will require additional waterproofing with a special primer in rooms such as the bathroom and toilet. The reinforcement in aerated concrete must be processed in accordance with the requirements of SN 277-80, which guarantees a service life of the floors of at least 25 years.
A load-bearing capacity of less than 600 kg/m2 is insufficient to accommodate heavy furniture and equipment and a large number of people. Screed, flooring, and underfloor heating systems reduce the already low load capacity.
Additional reinforced concrete beams will be required, laid at a distance the width of the slab.

Comparative Cost

When constructing interfloor structures, the issue of price plays an important role. If we compare all the varieties with each other, we get the following sequence. The cheapest will be a reinforced concrete hollow slab with a cost per square meter of 1200 rubles. In second place will be a monolithic product - 2000 - 2500 rubles per square meter. The cost can vary greatly depending on the thickness and manufacturing technology.

The most expensive flooring is a slab of foamed concrete - from 3,000 rubles per square. The high cost is explained by the complex manufacturing technology and the small width of the slab.

Also, the cost of slab floors must include the costs of transportation and lifting, which in some cases may be equal to their cost.