Chrysanthemum keeled perennial. Annual chrysanthemums: description of varieties, planting and care, growing from seeds

– herbaceous plants, can be annual or perennial. Belong to the Asteraceae family. Bright flowers of various shapes and colors look equally beautiful both as a cut flower and in a flower bed. Gardeners are well aware of the perennial varieties that decorate the site in the fall. However, annual chrysanthemums also have their own advantages in planting and care, which also deserve the attention of flower lovers.

Annual chrysanthemums go through a full life cycle (from seed to seed) in one growing season. This is convenient, since you don’t have to worry about how the plant will survive the winter, make complex shelters, or remove the underground part of the flower for storage.

There are several types of annual chrysanthemums, of which the following are most often grown in cultivation:

• Keeled or navicular (Ch. carinatum). The plant is from 20 to 70 cm high, the stem is erect. The inflorescences are basket-shaped and can be either simple or double. The diameter of the flower is 5-7 cm. The colors are varied, often not monochromatic, but a combination of white, red, orange or yellow. Seeds of different colors are available in mixtures. Varieties: Cockade, Dunetti, Stern, Merry Mix, Flamen Spiel.
• Sowing (Ch. segetum). Grows up to 50-80 cm. It has an erect stem that can branch. The flowers are 3-7 cm in size, can be white or yellow, plain. This type of chrysanthemum looks like an ordinary field chamomile. Can grow like a weed in fields. Varieties: Gloria, Eldorado, Zebra, German flag, Helios, Eastern Star. Gives rich self-seeding.
• Crowned (Ch. coronarium). Reaches a height of 70 cm. The stems are fleshy and branched. This species has very decorative dissected leaves. The inflorescence is solitary, up to 7 cm in diameter, can be white or yellow. Popular varieties: Nivea, Orion, Tetra Comet, Primrose Gem, Cecilia, Golden.
• Odorless (Ch. inodorum). Fast-growing bush up to 20 cm tall. The size of the inflorescences is 5-7 cm. Cultivated variety: Wedding dress with snow-white double flowers and feathery foliage.
• Prominent or rotated (Ch. spectabile). A tall bush, reaches a height of 120 cm and 70 cm in transverse diameter. Inflorescences up to 11 cm in diameter. Varieties: Annette, Cecilia.

All these types of annual chrysanthemums are characterized by long flowering from June to September and even October (depending on the growing region). Some types of chrysanthemums (for example, maidenhair, daisy or marsh), although they are perennial plants, are grown as annuals in our climate. This means that the same growing rules apply to them as to the above species.

Annual chrysanthemums are propagated by seeds, which are sown in two ways:

• in March - for seedlings
• in May - immediately into open ground (sown and crowned can be sown in April)

Features of growing seedlings:

1. For seedlings, seeds are sown to a depth of 1 cm in separate containers or common boxes in moist soil. The soil is loose, well permeable to air, with the addition of sand and peat.
2. To prevent the seeds from going deep, the crops are not watered for the first days, but rather sprayed. In the southern regions, it is possible to sow seeds before winter.
3. Before emergence (after 5-15 days), the container is covered with film or glass to create greenhouse conditions.
4. Regular ventilation is necessary, otherwise mold may appear. With the emergence of seedlings, the shelter is removed.
5. Chrysanthemum is a plant of temperate climate; high temperatures can harm it.
6. Two weeks after germination, young plants are placed in separate pots and sprayed with growth stimulants for better survival (Epin, Zircon).
7. A week after such a transplant, they can be fed with universal flower fertilizer.
8. Optimal conditions for growing seedlings: air temperature 15-18 ° C and good lighting.

Grown plants are planted in the ground when the danger of return frosts has passed. When planting seedlings in a permanent place, the plant is deepened into the soil so that the cotyledon leaves are 1-2 cm below ground level. This method of planting will stimulate the formation of a lush bush.

Sowing immediately in a permanent place has a number of advantages: young flowers immediately adapt to the external environment, there is no danger of damaging the delicate roots during transplantation.

However, in this case, flowering will occur several weeks later than with the seedling method. On average, annual chrysanthemums bloom 8-10 weeks after sowing.
Seeds are sown in open ground in different ways:

• in the holes at a distance of 30-40 cm, 2-3 seeds are placed in one hole
• into the grooves

Then the seeds are sprinkled with soil or peat in a layer of 2-3 cm and watered abundantly. To speed up germination, you can cover the bed with film or non-woven material, leaving holes for air access. After two to four true leaves appear, the seedlings must be thinned out: one sprout is left in each hole or for every 30-40 cm of groove.

After 10 days, you can feed the young chrysanthemums with complex fertilizer for the first time. The distance between specimens of crowned chrysanthemum is left up to 60 cm.

Annual chrysanthemums are unpretentious plants. The quality of these flowers that is very useful for gardeners is their cold resistance, the ability to withstand return frosts down to 0 °C.
When choosing a landing site, we are guided by the following factors:

• maximum illumination with shelter at midday
• shelter from drafts
• good soil aeration without stagnant water

Annual chrysanthemums do not require rich soils; they prefer light, moderately fertile ones. The attitude towards lime content differs by type: for chrysanthemum keeled, its presence in the soil is beneficial, while chrysanthemum sativum, on the contrary, requires soil poor in lime.

The area where it is planned to place chrysanthemums is prepared in the fall.

They dig it up and apply mineral fertilizers: superphosphate 50 g/m2, potassium sulfate 20-30 g/m2. Depending on the needs of the selected type of flower, lime is added to the soil. Chrysanthemums grow better where manure was added 2-3 years before planting.

Caring for the flower is simple. Watering is required only in hot weather. To prevent the soil from drying out, it is useful to mulch the soil around the chrysanthemum. This will reduce the number of weeds and make maintenance easier. Fertilizers are applied 3-4 times per season, preferably in liquid form (20-30 g per 10 liters of water).

In the first half of summer, until the plant has gained strength, you need to remove weeds and carefully loosen the soil next to the flower. To ensure long flowering, faded buds are regularly plucked off. To ensure that chrysanthemums bush well, their tops are pinched. High varieties are tied up so that they do not lose their decorative effect from exposure to rain and wind.

Among the diseases, chrysanthemum can be affected by gray mold and powdery mildew. Common causes of fungal diseases are increased soil moisture, low temperatures, and excess nitrogen fertilizers.

An external sign of powdery mildew is a whitish coating covering the entire plant. Gray rot manifests itself as brown spots, on which plaque gradually forms and a focus of rotting develops. To combat fungal diseases, use a 1% solution (spraying) or other copper-containing preparations.

Among the pests, annual chrysanthemums are attacked by:

• thrips
• meadow bug

Aphids can be called the main pest of chrysanthemums. It depletes the plant by sucking nutrients from the leaves. For minor infestations, aphids are collected by hand, washed off with water, or cut off along with part of the plant. If there are a lot of pests, use chemicals: Actellik, Aktara, Fitoverm (use according to instructions).

The meadow bug, like the aphid, sucks the juice from the plant. This causes white spots to appear on the leaves. Over time, the leaves turn brown and dry out, and the inflorescences become deformed. Control measures are the same as for aphids. As a folk remedy, spraying with a solution of baby shampoo is used. The external manifestation of thrips activity will be white and yellowish spots on the leaves of the flower. The fight is carried out with special drugs, for example, Actellik.

This unpretentious, long-flowering annual can become a real decoration of the site. He will look good both in mono groups and as part of a mixborder. Particularly beautiful are the flowerbeds of chrysanthemum keeled in different colors. Low-growing varieties are suitable for creating ridges and borders, and for container gardening.

In combination with cosmos, snapdragons, annual chrysanthemums will create the mood in a natural or rustic garden. There is a place for the chrysanthemum in the Asian garden, because in these countries it is especially loved. The low-growing, odorless chrysanthemum looks good with, cineraria and. True lovers of this flower can come up with a garden project entirely consisting of annual and perennial chrysanthemums.

In addition to growing in flower beds, keeled and odorless chrysanthemums are used for cutting, as they retain their decorative effect for a long time in bouquets.

The use of crowned chrysanthemum is interesting: in Asian countries, its leaves, young shoots and inflorescences are eaten. The species is valued for its rich content of vitamins B, C, PP, macro- and microelements. It tastes like chrysanthemum. Young leaves and petals are eaten raw in salads; the tougher parts are stewed, boiled or fried, and then used as a side dish.

Thus, the annual chrysanthemum has a number of advantages: it can be grown without seedlings and does not need to be covered for the winter. While perennial chrysanthemums bloom only in the fall, you will be able to enjoy colorful annuals as early as July.

More information can be found in the video:

Chrysanthemums are annual and perennial, shrubby and herbaceous, with different shapes and structures of leaves and flowers. The flowers have a pleasant aroma and a wide range of shades. There is probably no gardener who would not love these flowers for their excellent decorative properties, as well as their relative unpretentiousness. Especially when it comes to a species such as the perennial keeled chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum keeled (tricolored chrysanthemum) is a representative of an annual species. Externally, the bush looks more like a chamomile, only very large and more colorful. This variety attracts attention not only with its unusual inflorescences, which have at least three colors, but also with the duration of its flowering - from summer to frost. Practical, like any annual, keeled chrysanthemum is grown from seeds.

Description of chrysanthemum keeled

The plant is annual, densely branched, erect, 20-70 cm tall, almost pubescent, with a fleshy stem. The leaves are slightly fleshy, twice pinnately divided, on petioles. Inflorescences are baskets, often simple, less often semi-double or double, fragrant, rather large, 5-7 cm in diameter, solitary or collected in groups of 2-10 on leafy lateral branches, do not form a complex corymbose inflorescence, bloom at different times. Reed flowers are white, yellow with a whitish or reddish edge, less often single-colored, yellow or white; tubular - dark red. Blooms profusely from late June to September. The fruit is a triangular or flattened achene with wing-shaped outgrowths. Seeds remain viable for 2-3 years. There are 300-350 seeds in 1 g. In culture since 1796.

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The inflorescences of plants belonging to numerous varieties and variations of chrysanthemum keelata look like multi-colored umbrellas with bright stripes. They are not suitable for every composition and therefore are not seen too often. However, those who decide to decorate flower beds with them will be rewarded with their proud, albeit slightly old-fashioned appearance. Chrysanthemums are very unpretentious, and their cultivation does not cause almost any trouble. They bloom within ten weeks after sowing the seeds. In order for the plants to bush intensively, they pinch off the tops. Young plants can withstand light frosts, so in areas with mild climates, seeds can be sown before winter. However, in most places, chrysanthemum sowing is timed for early spring.

Sowing dates for chrysanthemum keeled

This is done in mid-May. Flowering occurs only in the fall, but if you want to see flowers as quickly as possible, then seedlings are planted; they quickly adapt to the open ground and environmental conditions. Seeds of perennial chrysanthemums are sown at the end of January. If the winter turned out to be cold, then you can wait another month and sow chrysanthemums in February. The development of seedlings occurs slowly, so if you plant a flower in spring or later, flowering will occur only the next year. When grown by seedlings, the seeds are sown in March. Will throw out the first inflorescences in July.

Features of soil for growing chrysanthemum keeled

Chrysanthemum keeled prefers medium-heavy, loamy and moisture-absorbing soils with good drainage and rich in micronutrients. It is strictly unacceptable to grow perennial varieties in acidic soils, because chrysanthemum grows very poorly on them. Unrotted manure also has a negative effect on growth.

Sowing chrysanthemum seeds in open ground

• To sow seeds in a flower bed, make holes and water them with warm water.
• Sow the seeds sparingly - 2-3 seeds per hole.
• The distance between the holes is at least 20 cm. The same indentation can be made between the rows. Then sprinkle the seeds with earth, without trampling them, and cover with film so that the moisture does not evaporate.
• As soon as the first shoots hatch, the film must be removed and the soil in the holes loosened (to ensure free access of air to the sprouts). 10 days after the chrysanthemum shoots emerge, they can be fed with a weak solution of Ideal fertilizer.
• When the seedlings develop 4 true leaves and grow to about 10 cm, you will need to leave one, the most developed, sprout in the hole. Carefully remove the rest and replant.

Articles for flower growers

Sowing chrysanthemum keeled seeds for seedlings

To speed up the flowering of the annual chrysanthemum, it is grown through seedlings. To do this, at the very beginning of spring, the seeds are sown in a common container. Soil for seedlings can be purchased in special stores or prepared yourself: mix peat, humus and greenhouse soil in equal proportions, sift and calcinate. Expanded clay can be poured onto the bottom of the container as drainage. Simply scatter the seeds over the surface without deepening them, and sprinkle a half-centimeter layer of soil on top. Spray with a spray bottle and cover with film to create a greenhouse effect. Periodically, the container needs to be ventilated and the soil moistened. Germination occurs in a room where the temperature is from 23 to 25 degrees. Make sure the soil in the box is moist. When sprouts appear from the ground (approximately after 10-14 days), remove the bags or glass, and move the boxes with seedlings to a room where it is from 16 to 20 degrees, then they will not stretch.

Seedlings can be picked when each of them has four developed (not cotyledon) leaves. Before the procedure, we recommend moistening the soil. Then, to stimulate growth and quickly adapt, sprinkle the seedlings with water with the addition of the Zircon biological product. In the future, you can feed the small plants once or twice. If little light falls on the plants, then they are illuminated. Two weeks before transplanting to country flower beds, seedlings begin to be hardened off daily, first by opening the window, and then the boxes can be placed on the loggia or in the garden during the day.

Caring for chrysanthemum keeled

Caring for chrysanthemums begins on the day of planting. During the growth process, it is necessary to monitor the soil. It should not be too dry, so watering is taken seriously. Regular loosening is advisable. It can also grow in shade, but bright places are still desirable. Do not forget about removing weeds and fertilizing, which, as in the case of home cultivation, is carried out once a week with the same mineral compounds. Feeding is stopped before the buds open. Pruning is carried out in order to give the bush a suitable neat shape.

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Diseases and pests of chrysanthemum keeled

Chrysanthemums do not get sick very often, but when large weeds appear and care rules are not followed, various diseases can appear.

• Verticillium wilt - a fungus that attacks the rhizome of the plant, causing the leaves to begin to turn yellow and the shoot to wither and die.
• Powdery mildew - forms a white coating on the foliage and flowers of chrysanthemums.
• Rust covers all plants with brown spots, the foliage turns yellow as a result of the attack, and the shoots become thinner.
• Gray rot - forms spots on the leaves, which over time become covered with fluff and spread to the entire plant.

Slugs and snails feed on the top of the chrysanthemum. The most dangerous pests are aphids and spider mites, weevils, saricides (tomato mosquito), and bud mite. At the base of chrysanthemums, shortened shoots with thick, deformed leaves appeared - leaf cancer. The plant is destroyed along with a lump of earth. Brown spots appear between the veins - nematodes.

Chrysanthemum keeled (tricolored chrysanthemum) is a representative of an annual species. Externally, the bush looks more like a chamomile, only very large and more colorful. This variety attracts attention not only with its unusual inflorescences, which have at least three colors, but also with the duration of its flowering - from summer to frost.

Practical, like any annual, keeled chrysanthemum is grown from seeds. There are two growing methods:

• sowing seeds directly into open ground;
• sowing seeds for seedlings.

Since chrysanthemum is frost-resistant, you can sow seeds in open ground before winter or in April.

To sow seeds in a flower bed, make holes and water them with warm water.

Sow the seeds sparingly - 2-3 seeds per hole.

The distance between the holes is at least 20 cm. The same indentation can be made between the rows. Then sprinkle the seeds with earth, without trampling them, and cover with film so that the moisture does not evaporate.

As soon as the first shoots hatch, the film must be removed and the soil in the holes loosened (to ensure free access of air to the sprouts). 10 days after the chrysanthemum shoots emerge, they can be fed with a weak solution of Ideal fertilizer.

When the seedlings develop 4 true leaves and grow to about 10 cm, you will need to leave one, the most developed, sprout in the hole. Carefully remove the rest and replant.

Chrysanthemum keeled, grown through direct sowing of seeds in open soil, will throw out the first inflorescences in July.

Sowing chrysanthemum seeds for seedlings

To speed up the flowering of the annual chrysanthemum, it is grown through seedlings. To do this, at the very beginning of spring, the seeds are sown in a common container. Soil for seedlings can be purchased in special stores or prepared yourself: mix peat, humus and greenhouse soil in equal proportions, sift and calcinate. Expanded clay can be poured onto the bottom of the container as drainage.

Simply scatter the seeds over the surface without deepening them, and sprinkle a half-centimeter layer of soil on top.

Spray with a spray bottle and cover with film to create a greenhouse effect. Periodically, the container needs to be ventilated and the soil moistened.

If you maintain a constant temperature of about 25 degrees in the container, the seeds will sprout in 2 weeks, after which the film can be removed. But this should not be done immediately, but gradually harden the seedlings, lifting the film. As soon as 4 true leaves grow, plant the seedlings in separate pots. It is better to throw out weak sprouts immediately.

Transplant the grown seedlings into a flowerbed at the end of May, leaving at least 30 cm between the bushes, since the keeled chrysanthemum will eventually grow into a lush bush. Chrysanthemum grown from seedlings will delight you with flowering at the beginning of summer.

Video on how to grow chrysanthemum from seeds

Latin name: Сhrysanthemum carinatum English name: Annual Painted Daisy Mixture Sowing: April Emergence of shoots: 10-18 days Flowering period: June - October Distance between plants: 35-40 cm Blooms profusely until late autumn. A densely branched, erect plant up to 60 cm high forms a bush with a diameter of 50-60 cm. The inflorescences have clear multi-colored circles around a dark center. Characterized by rapid growth and early, long flowering (from June to October). Used for planting in flower beds, in mixed groups, borders and for cutting. Agricultural technology. The plant is light-loving, cold-resistant, and quite drought-resistant. Prefers light, moderately fertile soils.

How to grow chrysanthemum carinatum from seeds?

Seeds are sown in April in seedling boxes, lightly sprinkled with soil. At soil temperatures of +18-25 °C, seedlings appear on days 10-18. Seedlings are planted in a permanent location in mid-May, maintaining a distance of 35-40 cm between plants. Direct sowing into the ground is possible in early May.

Article: 65006 (out-of-season product)

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Growing chrysanthemums

Flowering duration is 50-60 days. Continuous plantings of chrysanthemums look especially impressive, creating the effect of a flower carpet. Rainbow chrysanthemum is also used for flower beds and borders.
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Home » Watering » Annual chrysanthemum growing from seeds

Annual chrysanthemum growing from seeds

Summer chrysanthemums

There is a lot of trouble with perennial chrysanthemums: they need to be dug up or carefully covered for the winter; they bloom very late. I grow others - annual chrysanthemums. These are unpretentious, cold-resistant, fast-growing and long-flowering plants. The name of the genus is made up of the Greek words gold and flower. Sometimes they are also called “golden flower”, and in pre- and post-war catalogs they can be found under the outdated name “kryzhant” ”, in which the abbreviated “chrysanthemum” is clearly heard.

There are about 150 species in the world. The four most decorative species are common in floriculture. Chrysanthemum is prominent. Bushes about 50 cm high with graceful arranging foliage.

The inflorescences are large (5-6 cm in diameter), double, with a strongly convex receptacle, or purely yellow. They bloom for a very long time. They are especially good at cutting - it’s not for nothing that this species is also called bouquet.Chrysanthemum sativa.

The heavily branched bushes are strewn with large flowers with lemon petals and a contrasting dark brown center. Chrysanthemum navicular.

The name comes from the unusual type of seeds that look like a boat with a keel, which is why it is also called keeled. The inflorescences of this species are the most colorful: around a flat dark red-brown disk there are reed petals with clear multi-colored rings; white, red, pink, burgundy, yellow, brown, orange rings form such diverse variations that you cannot find two bushes with the same coloring. A blooming flowerbed of navicular chrysanthemum is an absolutely enchanting sight.

The height of the bushes is 60-70 cm. Straight and long peduncles also allow this species to be widely used for cutting. Chrysanthemum crowned. The Latin name coronarium means to decorate with a wreath or to crown with a wreath.

It is also called wreath-shaped or crown-shaped. In fact, its numerous large double inflorescences, white, yellow or two-colored, give the impression of beautiful wreaths crowning highly branched, tall (more than a meter high) bushes. This species is also notable for the fact that the leaves, which have a specific aroma and taste, are used for food, and Therefore, the crowned chrysanthemum is included in the group of vegetable chrysanthemums.

It is widely cultivated in the countries of Southeast Asia, and in the USA it is grown under the Japanese name Shunguku. The leaves of the crowned chrysanthemum are rich in vitamins (B, B2, C, PP), carotene, macro- and microelements, minerals, proteins, simple and complex carbohydrates, biologically active substances. Leaves boiled in salted water are added to various salads, side dishes, soups, sauces, and meat dishes. All annual chrysanthemums can be sown directly into the ground at the beginning of May. They grow best on light, non-waterlogged soils (at the dacha, paths are made that are dug with a small addition of sand).

Shoots appear after 7-10 days; they can withstand frost. Between plants leave a distance of 30-40 cm (sowing, boat-shaped), to 60 cm (crowned). Plants develop quickly and bloom in early July. They bloom for a very long time - until the snow. Seeds are sown abundantly.

They are collected over several periods as the baskets turn brown. It happens that you are late with harvesting, then self-seeding occurs.

Below are other entries on the topic “Do-it-yourself cottage and garden”

Home - Annuals - Chrysanthemum annua >Chrysanthemum annua is often associated with vegetatively propagated chrysanthemums, which usually bloom in autumn and grow in greenhouses. However, there are several annual varieties known in different regions under local names. The structure of chrysanthemum flowers is characteristic of species from the Asteraceae family.

Growing annual chrysanthemums in open ground is not associated with any particular difficulties. Abundant flowering and decorative qualities make these until recently little-known flowers increasingly popular and they are readily planted in garden plots. Chrysanthemums not only decorate the site, but also serve as a valuable and beautiful material for bouquets, baskets, and stylized compositions.

Types of annual chrysanthemums

As a rule, three varieties are cultivated: tricolor, field and crown chrysanthemums.

Tricolor chrysanthemum

reaches a height of 60 cm, branches, its leaves are thick, pinnate, gray-green. The inflorescences are mostly solitary, their diameter is 4-6 cm.

The outer flowers in the inflorescence can be single or multi-colored with different colors near the base. They form a ring surrounding the lower inner part of the inflorescence basket, which gives the flowers an original and rarely seen appearance.

Varieties of this variety are known with copper-red coloring of inflorescences with a yellow bordering ring and a dark center, mahogany color with a yellow ring, yellow with a dark center, and also white with a light yellow center. This variety of chrysanthemum is most often cultivated to decorate garden plots, as well as for cut flowers.

Sowing (field) chrysanthemum

has a height of up to 30-60 cm. It branches, the leaves in the lower part of the plant are pinnate, different, and in the upper part they are jagged. The flowers resemble large field daisies. They have light or dark flat centers and are white, grey-yellow or yellow in color. Inflorescences are 3-5 cm in diameter.

Coronet (crowned) chrysanthemum

has stronger growth compared to the previous two varieties. Depending on the variety, its height is 40-100 cm. The shoots are densely covered with divided pinnate leaves with areas of lanceolate, toothed. Inflorescences with a diameter of 3 cm are located on long pedicels, several pieces per shoot. The color of the outer reed flowers is yellow to white, and the tubular ones are greenish-yellow.

Growing

All of the listed varieties of open ground chrysanthemums grow on almost any soil, but they bloom better on loamy, moderately moist, well-structured and rationally fertilized soils. In soil recently fertilized with manure, they grow well, but bloom poorly.

Chrysanthemums bloom especially luxuriantly when cultivated in the second or third year after applying manure. The presence of partial shade does not negatively affect the intensity of flowering of these plants. Seeds of all types of annual chrysanthemums are sown in March or April in a greenhouse with compost or greenhouse soil, to which peat and sand are added. The sown seeds are sprinkled with leaf soil and sand, pressed lightly, and then watered quite generously.

When sowing seeds densely, thin out the seedlings, regularly water the plants and ventilate the greenhouse.

Ventilation is extremely important, since plants grow quickly and at high temperatures can become overgrown and the seedlings will be defective. Good seedlings are squat plants with a developed root system

When to plant seedlings

It is better to plant chrysanthemum seedlings in open ground in May. Field and crown chrysanthemums can be planted at the end of April in moist soil. If the weather is dry, it is best to plant after the rains.

Planting pattern 20-25x40-50 cm. During the growth of plants, work to care for them in maintaining the cleanliness of the beds or ridges, watering as necessary and loosening the soil um - cultivator around plants after heavy rainfall. At low temperatures and prolonged rains, to prevent the appearance of diseases, it is good to carry out preventive spraying with fungicidal preparations. To maintain the health of the flower, the brightness of the leaves and the size of the flowers, spray with em-solution in a ratio of 1:1000 once a week in the evening, when the sun is almost setting. Plants begin to bloom three months after sowing.

Popular varieties of annual chrysanthemum

The following varieties of tricolor chrysanthemum are grown:

Flammenspiel - red flowers with a brown-yellow center. Nordstern - white flowers with a yellow-red center. Large-flowered variety. Frosh Mischung - flowers of different colors (special mixture).

Eldorado - canary yellow flowers with a dark center. Stern des Orients - light yellow flowers with a dark center. Helios - golden yellow flowers. Yellow Stone - yellow double flowers.

Tetra comets is a large-flowered semi-double variety. Flowers of mixed colors.

5. CHRYSANTHEMUM DAISY OR ARGYRANTHEMUM SHRUSH:

Separated into a separate genus Argyrantemum Shrub is a plant popularly called Chamomile, grows well in sunny patios, but does not tolerate frost at all. Height 40 cm - 1 m. Small white, pink or yellow inflorescences abundantly strew the bush in July-September.

Requires nutritious soils, abundant watering, mineral fertilizing, because... blooms very profusely. Propagation by seeds and cuttings.

6. CHRYSANTHEMUM MINOX OR MULTISTEMALE OR COLISTEPHUS MINOC:

Unusual small bushes of Colistephus, only 20 cm in height, form a continuous carpet in a flower garden or on a hill. The diameter of the flowers is 2 cm, but they are very numerous and completely cover the bush. There are varieties with yellow simple flowers of different shades.

Growing flower seedlings part 1

7. CHRYSANTHEMUM SOWING:

Height up to 60 - 70 cm. Inflorescences are golden-yellow or white, monochromatic, often simple, 5 - 7 cm in d on strong straight stems. It has many varieties with light yellow, brown-yellow and red-brown flowers.

Growing and caring for chrysanthemums. Blooming chrysanthemums are a real decoration of our garden in autumn. This bright and generous gift of nature with its tart wormwood aroma seems to have been sent to us to prolong the summer days...

History and types of chrysanthemums.

Asia is considered the birthplace of chrysanthemums.

Growing chrysanthemums in the garden from seeds

Chrysanthemums came to Europe in the mid-18th century, but their active spread throughout the continent began almost a century later - at the beginning of the 19th century. In Russia, the cultivation of this ornamental plant began in the 40-50s of the last century. It is believed that the entire variety of chrysanthemums, called “garden” or Chrysanthemum hortorum, occurred by crossing two species native to China and Japan - grandiflora chrysanthemum or Chrys. morifoolium and Chrysanthemum parviflora or Chrys. indicum.Chrysanthemum in the biological concept is a genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants of the Compositae or Asteraceae family, numbering up to 29 species and growing not only in Asia, but also in temperate and northern latitudes of the globe.

Perennial chrysanthemums.

Among the small-flowered chrysanthemums, a group of so-called Korean chrysanthemums or Ch. coreanum, the independent species of which has not yet been established. The question of their origin also remains unclear, so the definition of “Korean” should be considered conditional.

In amateur floriculture, this type of chrysanthemum is the most popular; it is Korean chrysanthemums that decorate the gardens of many summer cottages. Korean chrysanthemum is relatively resistant to low temperatures; this quality allows most varieties of chrysanthemums to overwinter in open ground in regions with cold winters. In addition, these flowers are famous for their abundant flowering and therefore are widely used in decorative floriculture.

What are they and when do they bloom?

Varieties Korean chrysanthemums differ greatly in various characteristics: flowering time, bush height, size of inflorescences, color and structure of flowers. Conventionally, this type of chrysanthemum can be divided into several groups:

• border, the height of which is no more than 30 cm, they have an early flowering period, a dense bush, produce insignificant root growth; medium-sized, their height is 30–50 cm, they are distinguished by a wide variety of colors and structure of inflorescences; tall chrysanthemums have a height of up to one meter, they have a large and branched bush with large inflorescences that have a late flowering period.

Mass flowering of chrysanthemums The early flowering period begins in late August - early September; a month later, tall varieties of chrysanthemums begin flowering.

Site selection, soil, planting.

Good growth and abundant flowering of chrysanthemums is possible only if the place in the garden is correctly selected for them, which should be well illuminated by the sun for at least five hours a day. It is unacceptable to plant them in damp places with stagnant water or in the shade.

The soil.

The soil should be loose, breathable, rich in humus with a neutral or slightly acidic degree of acidity. Chrysanthemums should not be planted in overly fertilized soil to prevent the plants from “fattening” to the detriment of flowering. Chrysanthemums are very responsive to mulching the “trunk” circle.

When to plant?..

It is preferable to plant chrysanthemums in spring rather than in autumn. Plants disturbed in the fall usually do not survive the winter well and may die.

Also, you should not plant flowers in a blooming state, therefore, if planting material was purchased in the fall, it is better not to leave it in the open ground, but to transfer it to a room for winter storage (winter storage conditions are described below). The planting pattern is approximately 30x30 cm, for spreading bushes - 40x40 cm.

Care and formation of bushes.

Chrysanthemums grow very quickly. Within one season, a small cutting can turn into a developed bush and produce abundant flowering. Therefore, special attention must be paid to fertilizing.

The first feeding is done with nitrogen fertilizers at the initial stage of shoot growth, the next - two weeks later with mullein or bird droppings. During the phase of bud formation, fertilizing with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is necessary. In order for the chrysanthemum bush to have a beautiful shape and bloom profusely, it is necessary to shape it.

To do this, from the beginning of June they begin to regularly pinch the tops of the shoots. A month before flowering begins, the last pinching is done. Chrysanthemums grow in one place for no more than three years, that is, once every three years; in the spring, the bushes must be divided.

In the first year, at the beginning of the growing season, frequent loosening is carried out, which promotes the development of the root system and the growth of underground shoots that form the bush. Subsequently, loosening is stopped for fear of damaging the regrown shoots. At the end of the growing season, after the first frost, wintering chrysanthemums must be pruned and hilled. When persistent frost sets in, the bushes are loosened so that they do not dry out in the future, covered with spruce branches, branches or other material that retains snow. Early in the spring, the bushes are freed from the spruce branches, and as soon as growing shoots appear, the old stems are removed and the central shoot is twisted out of the ground.

Reproduction.

Propagation by seeds.

When engaged in seed propagation of Korean chrysanthemums, you should know that this type of propagation produces forms that are less resistant to low temperatures and other climate features of a particular region. In addition, it should be obvious that the hybrid variety you like cannot be grown from collected seeds. In early flowering plants with a short growing season, the seeds have time to ripen.

To obtain seeds from late-flowering chrysanthemums, it will be necessary to transplant them into a heated greenhouse with an air temperature of about 20?, with good ventilation and sufficient lighting. Under such conditions, the seeds will ripen by November-December. The seeds are collected as they ripen.

The collected seed heads are ripened in a warm and well-ventilated room. After two to three weeks they are packed for storage. Storage conditions: dry and cool room with an air temperature of 2–5? C.

The shelf life of chrysanthemum seeds is 2 years. Sown seeds in seed boxes with moist soil in early spring. Crops should not be covered with soil; the seeds should be left in the light, otherwise they will not germinate.

If everything is done correctly, the first shoots will appear in a week. As soon as the weather permits, the seedlings are transferred to the garden. The first flowering begins, as a rule, in the second year of the plant’s life.

Propagation by cuttings.

The most popular method of propagating chrysanthemums. This is justified, since with this method all varietal characteristics are preserved.

Plants grown from cuttings tolerate cold well, they develop well and bloom luxuriantly. Cuttings begin to be cut in the spring, when stable warm weather sets in. The selected plant must have a height of at least 20 cm.

Cuttings about 10 cm long are cut from the tops of young shoots, the lower leaves are removed, then they are stuck into a box with moist soil, which should be moved outside to a place protected from rain and wind. After two weeks, when the cuttings have taken root, the plants are transplanted to a permanent location.

Partners in the flowerbed.

Chrysanthemums go well with salvias (sages). Thus, sage with blue flowers will be appropriate with yellow and bronze chrysanthemums, and soft pink salvia will enhance the color perception of red chrysanthemums.

The combination of chrysanthemums with plants that do not bloom, as well as with ornamental grasses and cereals, is effective.

Variegated plants, such as coleus, can be planted next to chrysanthemums. They will look good with autumn cosmos.

The rich palette of Korean chrysanthemums will allow you to fully enjoy the creative delights of any gardener.

Wintering.

Not all types and varieties of chrysanthemums are able to survive our winter. Heat-loving varieties, which include most tall chrysanthemums with large flowers, are grown using closed soil or dug up in late autumn for further winter storage. There are different ways of such storage.

Method 1.

Bushes dug up after flowering should contain a lump of earth, young shoots of renewal should be removed. The mother bushes are placed tightly in wooden boxes and transferred for storage to a bright and cold room with an average air temperature of 2–6? C and air humidity of no more than 80%.

If there are few queen cells, then they can be planted in different containers. Watering during storage should be minimal; the earthen ball should be kept slightly moist.

Method 2.

The prepared bushes are stored in the cellar, where they are transferred before the first frost. They are laid close to each other on an earthen floor. The optimal temperature in the cellar should be 0–4? C.

Chrysanthemums can bloom in summer too

Both storage methods allow for early (from February) germination of plants. To do this, the bushes of the selected variety are brought into a room with a temperature of about 15?, the sprouts sprouted in such conditions are separated from the mother bush and planted in separate containers.

About a month later, you can begin to form the bush, preparing it for planting in the ground. This germination is used when they want to achieve earlier flowering of chrysanthemums, that is, to shift the flowering time to the summer period.

Method 3.

Storing chrysanthemum bushes in trenches of arbitrary length and width and a depth of about 50 cm. The bushes are placed tightly in the trench, the voids between the roots are filled with earth.

So they are left until the first frost, which should slightly “grab” the plants, this will prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases during storage. When frost sets in, the trench is covered with material that will create the frame of the “roof” of the trench, a thick layer of dry leaves is poured on top, sprinkled with earth or They put some covering material that needs to be securely fastened. It should be understood that with this storage method it is difficult to control the condition of overwintering plants.

Method 4.

This storage method applies to Korean chrysanthemums that bloom early and have small flowers, that is, to those plants that are resistant to low temperatures. However, in order not to take risks, they should also be prepared for the winter cold. To do this, chrysanthemums need to be cut at a distance of 10 cm from the soil surface and mulched with peat in a layer of about 10–15 cm.

Chrysanthemums are annual.

All annual chrysanthemums are cold-resistant; they bloom until late autumn, without fear of frost. These are drought-resistant and light-loving plants. They prefer fertile soils without excess organic fertilizers and respond well to fertilizing with mineral fertilizers.

Annual chrysanthemums can be sown directly into the ground in the spring. If you sow seeds for seedlings in early April, chrysanthemums will delight you with their flowering a month earlier. The most common types of chrysanthemums are:

• chrysanthemum keeled, this is a powerful plant up to 80 cm high and has large flowers, flowering begins in early August; chrysanthemum sativa, has a height of 40–60 cm and large inflorescences, flowering in the first half of August; chrysanthemum crowned, bush height up to one meter, inflorescences of medium simple and double size, flowering - late July–early August; swamp chrysanthemum, low plant, spherical bush shape, small flowers, abundant flowering begins at the end of June; multi-stemmed chrysanthemum, height 15–25 cm, small flowers, beginning of flowering end of June - early July.

All annual chrysanthemums are unpretentious and undemanding to growing conditions. Cut flowers remain fresh for a long time in water and are very effective in autumn bouquets.

Perennial garden chrysanthemums have eclipsed in popularity annual chrysanthemum species, but these flowers are worth paying attention to. Annual chrysanthemum keeled (Chysanthemum carinatum) blooms almost all summer, from June - July to September - October, and if flowering began in August, then the inflorescences will decorate the flowerbed until the onset of frost.

For its spectacular inflorescences with brightly colored multi-colored rings with a dark center, the keeled chrysanthemum is sometimes called the tricolor chrysanthemum. This is an annual plant with an erect, densely branched stem 60-70 cm high. Feathery bright green leaves create beautiful openwork greenery in the flower garden, which is an excellent background for bright large inflorescences in the form of multi-colored daisies.

Inflorescences - baskets with a diameter of 5-7 cm are formed one at a time at the ends of the shoots, and due to the large branching, one plant can form dozens of inflorescences, which bloom alternately all summer. The center of the inflorescence is dark, along its edge there is a row of brightly colored reed flowers; they can be red, white, yellow, two or three colors.

Varieties of chrysanthemum keeled come with simple flowers, which have one row of petals, and there are also double flowers with inflorescences, which have several rows of petals.

Due to their rich color and delicate greenery, these annual flowers attract all the attention, so they are difficult to combine with other garden flowers. Chrysanthemum keeled will look great against the background of a lawn, as a spot of color or next to other daisies, combining with them in the shape of the inflorescences.

Growing keeled chrysanthemum is very simple; these unpretentious flowers require almost no care. Like all chrysanthemums, these flowers love a sunny place with fertile, loose, neutral soil. If the soil is acidic, it is better to lime it before planting flowers.

Propagation of chrysanthemum keeled seeds. After the seeds germinate, annual chrysanthemums bloom in 2-3 months. Young seedlings can withstand light frosts, so these flowers are often sown before winter or in early spring in late April - early May; with such sowing dates, keeled chrysanthemum will bloom in July. You can grow keeled chrysanthemum through seedlings, sowing in pots in March. When planting seedlings in the middle or end of May, the chrysanthemum will bloom in June.

Planting seedlings chrysanthemum keeled at a distance of 25-30 cm, since each plant forms a lush spreading bush. This plant tolerates transplantation well, even in the flowering stage. After the plants reach a height of 15-20 cm, the top of the main stem is pinched so that side shoots begin to form. The more branches the main shoot gives, the more inflorescences are formed.

Caring for these flowers simple - weeding and watering in dry weather. These flowers are quite drought-resistant and can tolerate short-term drying out of the soil. Feed keeled chrysanthemum at the beginning of summer with nitrogen fertilizer, you can use mullein infusion, and from the second half of summer, only with complex mineral fertilizer no more than twice a summer. During the flowering period, remove faded inflorescences so that the plants do not direct their energy to the formation of seeds, but continue to bloom as long as possible.

The end of summer - the beginning of autumn is marked by the lush growth of different varieties of chrysanthemums in flowerbeds and gardens. There is hardly a gardener who will remain indifferent to these unusually beautiful flowers. Chrysanthemum keeled is the topic of our conversation today.

Keeled chrysanthemum is a species and blooms almost all summer. If the flowers appeared in August, then before the onset of frost they will decorate the flowerbed. The color of the flower is very bright, with spectacular three rows of rings, which is why the chrysanthemum is also called tricolor.

The stem is 60–70 cm high and framed by beautiful openwork leaves of lush greenery. It contains bright inflorescences, shaped like daisies. At the end of each shoot one flower is formed. Since there are many shoots, all summer long one flower, when it fades, is replaced by another.

The terry keeled dunetti chrysanthemum has dense branches and large simple inflorescences. Dunetti exudes a wonderful aroma. Blooms in July and blooms until early autumn. Growing chrysanthemums does not require much effort. A couple of fertilizings, and your flowerbed will look original and impressive.

polar Star

An annual unpretentious plant that looks impressive. There are many inflorescences on a 70-centimeter stem. Polaris grows quickly, blooms early, and is in bloom from June to October.

Chrysanthemum loves light and is resistant to cold and drought. In April it is sown for seedlings, and in mid-May it is planted in open ground. The soil should be light and fertile. Used to decorate flower beds. Looks impressive when cut.

Grace

Large terry baskets are located on branched stems 30–50 cm high at the base. The reed flowers are bright yellow and red at the base. In April they are sown in the ground, and in early June they bloom. Chrysanthemums are a wonderful garden decoration. At home in a vase they do not wither for a long time, giving pleasure to others.

Masquerade or terry mixture

This annual densely branched chrysanthemum has a height of 60 cm. The stem is framed by dark green pinnately divided leaves. The flowers are double and fragrant. Inflorescences with diameters of 5–7 cm can be bright yellow, milky or fiery red.

This chrysanthemum blooms profusely. For choosing light fertile soil and a well-lit place. The plant is resistant to drought and cold. When cut, flowers remain fresh for a long time. This type of chrysanthemum is used for flower beds, mixborders, and ridges.

Features of cultivation

Gardeners love chrysanthemums for their unpretentiousness and easy care. If you are planning to plant chrysanthemums in the garden, then the site should be prepared in the fall by digging up the soil and fertilizing it with superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

Choose a place that will be well lit by the sun, protected from the wind and slightly elevated, because the root system does not like to retain moisture. The soil is slightly acidic.

In mid-May, you can sow seeds in open ground. To do this, prepare holes at a distance of 20 cm from each other. The holes are well moistened and two seeds are placed in each and sprinkled with soil. Cover everything on top with film until shoots appear. Then they are thinned out and after 10 days liquid fertilizers are applied, after weeding.

To plant seedlings, prepare a mixture of humus, turf soil and sand, and spray the soil with a spray bottle for 2 days. After a couple of weeks, leaves appear and then the seedlings are planted in a 4x4 pattern into the ground or boxes. After another week, combined fertilizers are applied.

In mid-May, plants are planted in open ground. Planting is carried out at a distance of 20 cm from each other. Together with a lump of earth, they deepen the roots, water well and mulch.

In order for the flowers to grow large, chrysanthemums need to be watered frequently and abundantly. Also, do not forget to remove weeds and loosen the soil. Mulching retains moisture in the soil, protects against bacteria in the soil, and inhibits the growth of weeds. It is important to remove faded inflorescences, as this will make the chrysanthemum bloom longer.

After watering, mullein infusion is added to the soil, which promotes flower growth. Phosphorus also promotes abundant flowering. The need for nitrogen is also great; for this purpose, root feeding is done. To protect against pests, pesticides or herbal infusions are used.